Lecture 20 Flashcards
Lecture 20:
What is the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease?
- 4 points
- it is the leading cause of death & serious illness
~48% of US adults;today have atleast 1 type of CVD
~18 million US deaths annually - over $350 billion in annual costs
Lecture 20:
What are some reasons for the decline in death rates of CVD since 1960’s?
1.) improved public awareness & lifestyle changes
2.) better & earlier diagnoses
3.) better treatment options
4.) projected 30% decline between 2010 & 2020
Lecture 20:
What are a few forms of Cardiovascular Disease?
1.) Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
2.) Hypertension
3.) Stroke
4.) Heart Failure
5.) Other - peripheral, valvular, congenital, etc
Lecture 20:
How many deaths does Coronary Artery Disease account for?
CAD accounts for half of cardiovascular deaths
Lecture 20:
What is Coronary Artery Disease?
The progressive narrowing of coronary arteries
- plaque formation
- atherosclerosis
- compromised blood supply to myocardium
Lecture 20:
What can Coronary Artery Disease lead to & what is it?
Can lead to myocardial infarction which is a heart attack
- irreversible heart muscle cell death due to lack of O2
Lecture 20:
What is Atherosclerosis?
Begins early in life due to genetics & lifestyle
- it is the thickening/hardening of the arteries
—> fatty streaks when infant/child & in teen years spreads to coronary arteries & then turns to plaque in 20’s
Lectrue 20:
What is Hypertension & what % of adults have it?
High blood pressure - historically above 140/90 mmHg but updated to greater than 130/80 mmHg
- 46% of US adult population has hypertension
Lecture 20:
What are some negative associations of Hypertension?
Heart must work harder to eject blood which places greater strain on arteries
- causes enlarged heart & scarred/stiff arteries
- this eventually leads to atherosclerosis & MI
Lecture 20:
What is a Stroke & its 2 types?
Occurs when cerebral arteries are affected & blood flow to brain is restricted
- 2 types = Ischemic stroke & Hemorrhagic stroke
Lecture 20:
How many strokes occur per year in the US?
495, 000 annual strokes
Lecture 20:
What is an Ischemic Stroke?
- 2 causations
Most common type where O2 delivery to brain is limited by obstructed cerebral artery & can be caused by 2 things;
1.) Cerebral Thrombosis - blood clot in brain due to narrowing of cerebral vasculature
2.) Cerebral Embolism - blood clot in heart/upper chest
Lecture 20:
What is a Hemorrhagic stroke?
- intracerebral hemorrhage = deep within brain
- subarachnoid hemorrhage = in outer layer of brain & places pressure on it
- rupture of vessel in or on the brain
Often a result of aneurysm (secondary to hypertension or atherosclerotic damage)
Lecture 20:
What can a vessel rupture lead to?
Ischemia & pressure on brain tissue which leads to death of brain tissue
