Lecture 20

Question 1

External anatomy of spinal cord?

Answer 1

The spinal cord sits within a initial sac inside the spinal cavity. Beginning At the foranum and ending at the interior boarder of 1st lumbar vertebrae. The film terminates entendres in from the conus medullas to anchor the spinal cord, and both are non neural tissues.

Question 2

How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the spinal cord?

Answer 2

There are 31 pairs. One pair associated whips each segment

Question 3

What is the caucus Aquino ?

Answer 3

Bundles of spinal nerves at rootless

Question 4

Structure of peripheral nerve?

Answer 4

Individual axon (may or may not be myelinated) are covered in endometrium, these are bundles together iPrint form a fascicles which are covered with perineurium and bundle with each other and blood vessels to form a nerve. The entire nerve is covered by the epineurium.

Question 5

Structure and function ot dura mater?

Answer 5

Dense and fibrous
Space between layers forms Venus sinuses
Inner layer forms rural folds

Question 6

What is the purpose of Surat folds?

Answer 6

Separates major division of the brain and provided stability for the cranium

Question 7

What does the flax debrief fo?

Answer 7

Separates the cerebral hemispheres

Question 8

What does fa,x cerebelli do?

Answer 8

Separates cerebellum hemispheres

Question 9

What does tentorum cerebelli do? ?

Answer 9

Separates cerebrum for cerebellum

Question 10

What is the role of Venus sinuses.

Answer 10

To collect Venus blood from brain and old CSF after it has circulated through the ventricular system.

Question 11

What is arachnoid mater?

Answer 11

Middle layer of minimise
does not extend into sulci
Contains sub arachnoid space, blood vessels and arachnoid granulations.

Question 12

Location and function of subarachnoid space?

Answer 12

Between arachnoid mater and Pia mater, contains cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 13

Function of arachnoid granulations?

Answer 13

Perforate inner layer of dura mater

Transport CSF into Venus sinus

Question 14

What does the Pia mater do ?

Answer 14

Blood vessels in arachnoid sit on top of Pia mater
Flows gyri and extends into sulci
Adhered to the brain

Question 15

Functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 15

Transports nutrients and waste
Surrounds the CNS of subarachnoid
Provides support and cushion
Produces by choroid plexus

Question 16

What is the flow of the ventricular system.

Answer 16

Starts in lateral ventricular - 3rd - cerebral aqueduct - 4th - subarachnoid space - flows around brain or spinal cord and exits arachnoid granulations through Venus sinus.

Question 17

What is the ventricular system ?

Answer 17

A set of communicating cavities in the brain which are responsible for the production, transport and removal of cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 18

Name the lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 18

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

Question 19

List the major sulci and gyri that divide the lobes?

Answer 19

Central sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Lateral sulcus
Transverse fissure

Question 20

Role of central sulcus?

Answer 20

Seperate frontal and parietal lobes

Question 21

Role of parietal-occipital lobe ?

Answer 21

Separates parietal and occipital lobes

Question 22

Role of transverse fissure .

Answer 22

Separates cerebrum from cerebellum

Question 23

Role of lateral sulcus ?

Answer 23

Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes.

Question 24

Function of frontal lobe ?

Answer 24

Motor control

Question 25

Function of parietal lobe ?

Answer 25

Somatosensory

Question 26

Function of occipital lobe ?

Answer 26

Vision

Question 27

Function of temporal lobe ?

Answer 27

Memory and hearing

Question 28

What is the white matter in the centre of the brain called.

Answer 28

Corpus coliseum

Question 29

What components make up the brainstorm?

Answer 29

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 30

Where is the grey matter of the brain rounds?

Answer 30

In the central cortex

Question 31

What are the three types of white matter in the brain?

Answer 31

Commissural tracts
Projection tracts
Association tracts

Question 32

What do commissural tracts allow?

Answer 32

Axons to move from side to side in both directions

Question 33

What do projection tracts allow?

Answer 33

Axons to extend between cortex and other CNS areas outside cerebrum

Question 34

What do association tracts allow ?

Answer 34

Axons on same side within cerebral cortex

Communication between brain areas.

Question 35

What are the two major cortical areas for motor control and somatic sensory perception?

Answer 35

Pre-central gyrus for Motor control

Post - central gyrus for somatic sensory perception

Question 36

Define reflex movement ?

Answer 36

An automatic involuntary reaction to a stimulus resulting from a nerve impulse passing over a nerve arc.

Question 37

Define voluntary movement?

Answer 37

The expression of a though through action.

Question 38

How does the cerebellum assist with the preparation and performance of voluntary movement ?

Answer 38

Coordinates muscles guided by sensory feedback.
Compared intended movement with actual result.
Helps maintain posture and gaze .
Helps learn and automate movements.
Monitors balance and equilibrium and adjust upper motor neuron activity.

Question 39

Define somatic sensation ?

Answer 39

Body sensations such as...
Touch 
Pain 
Warm and cold 
Body position

Question 40

Examples of special senses?

Answer 40

Vision 
Hearing 
Taste 
Smell 
Balance

Question 41

Four types of information that describe a sensory stimulus ?

Answer 41

Modality -type
Intensity - frequency of AP
Duration - duration of AP
Location - location of sensory receptors activated in brain

Question 42

What is a receptor field ?

Answer 42

Region of space in which a stimulus can lead to activity in a particular afferent neuron.