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BIOL 1001 > Lecture 2 - Physiology of Cells > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Physiology of Cells Flashcards

1
Q

passive transport

A

no energy required

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2
Q

active transport

A

energy required

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3
Q

metabolic energy

A

comes from all cell rxns, by creating and utilizing ATP

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4
Q

what is diffusion

A

molecules spread through membranes; equilibrium by diffusion from high [] to low [] (concentration gradient

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5
Q

what is dynamic equilibrium

A

does not hit equilibrium then stops, constant movement back and forth to accomodate increase & decrease in molecules (think elevator)

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6
Q

how fast is diffusion in liquid and air?

A

slow

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7
Q

what affects the rate of diffusion?

A

temperature, pressure, membrane permeablity, [] gradient

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8
Q

simple diffusion in cells:

A

molecules diffuse across phospholipid bilayer using simple diffusion

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9
Q

what is osmosis?

A

passive transport
movement of WATER through selectively permeable membrane down [] gradient to maintain eq’m

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10
Q

how does osmosis work?

A

water flows through the phospholipid bilayer via AQUAPORINS (channels)

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11
Q

when does osmosis occur?

A

when there is at least one impermeable component

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12
Q

osmotic pressure

A

-force that drives osmotic flow
-solutes exert pulling force on H2O molecules
-the greater the difference in molecules, the greater the osmotic pressure –> change in volume

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13
Q

isotonic solution

A

same [] inside and outside of cell

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14
Q

hypotonic solution

A

lower [] of solute outside of cell (H2O goes in)

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15
Q

hypertonic solution

A

higher [] of solute outside of cell (H2O goes out) (crenation)

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16
Q

what is compartment syndrome

A

excessive pressure build up in an enclosed body space; dangerously high pressure

17
Q

what do kidneys do

A

body’s filtration device - filter out toxins, electrolytes and fluid
(when damaged, can lead to imbalance bc build of toxins and fluids; edema, creatinine & urea high)

18
Q

explain dialysis

A

-passive transport
-driven by hydrostatic pressure
-machine provides force from pump
-allows to filter things out of blood

19
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

mediated passive transport to increase amount of solutes that pass through bilayer

20
Q

channel-mediated passive transport

A

-membrane channels allow specific molecules to move down [] gradient
-channels are specific (based on size, shape, charge)
-gated
-various ways to be triggerd, can be 1 or 2 ways

21
Q

carrier mediated passive transport

A

-molecule binds to protein & passes through
-binding & passage causes shape change that inhibits open flow of molecules

22
Q

active transport

A

-for substances that would not normally cross
-“forced” across membrane
-from low [] to high
-requires metabolic energy

23
Q

what is Na-K pump

A

-Na+ & K+ move ions in opposite directions
-passive diff. cause Na to enter and K to leave cell
-pump required to maintain homeo of cell function
-carrier protein is Na+/K+ ATPase

24
Q

how does Na/K pump work

A

-Na binds at specific site; stimulates ATP –> ADP which gives energy to activate pump
-1 ATP = 3 Na ions through pump
-Na leaves, K is able to bind to its sites & back into cell

25
Q

why are Na/K pumps important

A

to balance fluid & electrolytes and cardiac function

26
Q

what is active transport via vesicle

A

-molecules move without moving through membrane
-bulk transport

27
Q

endocytosis (receiving)

A

vesicle formed at membrane that transports molecules into cell

28
Q

exocytosis (shipping)

A

vesicle is formed around molecules inside the cell & fuses to the membrane to release them

29
Q

what are the 2 types of endocytosis

A

pinocytosis and phagocytosis

30
Q

pinocytosis

A

-“cell drinking”
-most cells do this
-no receptor binding (not as specific)
-extracellular fluid & dissolved substances

31
Q

phagocytosis

A

-“cell eating”
-specialized cells called phagocytes/macrophages
-large particles (i.e. bacteria)
-create phagosomes to surround entirety of large solid substance

32
Q

process of exocytosis

A

-large molecule leave cell
- pulled to plasma membrane by cytoskeleton
-fuse and released
-some gland cells

33
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

-defective chloride channels
-CFTR
-found in epithelium of airway, pancrease, sweat gland
-Na+ is high in CF patients
-decreased movement of Cl causes thick mucus & sweat secretions to form over epithelium

34
Q

cholera

A

-cells leak large amounts of chloride ions, bicarb & H2O into small intest.
-bacterial infection; enterotoxin
-fecal-oral trans
-diarrhea & severe dehydration

35
Q

sweat test

A

-disk w/ medicated gel on forearm
-weak electrical impulses push med into skin; triggers sweat
-filter paper turns blue when sweat detected
-high Cl [] = CF

BIOL 1001 (15 decks)

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