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BIOL 1001 > Lecture 10 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

what is a tissue membrane?

A
  • thin tissue layer
  • covers surfaces, lines cavities, divide spaces
  • may secrete
  • made from epithelia and CT
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2
Q

what are the 4 types of tissue membranes

A
  • mucous
  • serous
  • cutaneous
  • synovial
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3
Q

what is the function of mucous membrane?

A
  • moist membrane, self lubricating (semen/urine)
  • lines surfaces open to exterior
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4
Q

where can you find mucous membranes?

A
  • GI trat, GU tract, reproductive & respiratory systems
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5
Q

what is the function of serous membrane?

A
  • outer layer (simple sq.; mesothelium)
  • lines cavities
  • secretes serous fluid
  • protects from friction btw layers
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6
Q

what is mesothelioma?

A
  • malignant tumor after asbestos exposure
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7
Q

what is effusion?

A
  • increase in fluid
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8
Q

what is the difference between transudate and exudate?

A

T: osmotic imbalance
E: infection or inflammation

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9
Q

where is serous membrane found?

A
  • parietal and visceral membranes
  • sealed internal cavities of trunk
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10
Q

what is pleura?

A

lungs

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11
Q

what is pericardium?

A

heart

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12
Q

what is peritoneum?

A

abdomino pelvic cavity

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13
Q

what is the function of cutaneous membrane?

A
  • covers body surfaces exposed to outside
  • thick, waterproof ish, usually dry
  • 2 primary layers (epidermis + dermis)
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14
Q

where is cutaneous membrane found?

A

skin

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15
Q

what is the function of synovial membranes?

A
  • secrete synovial fluid (thick) to prevent friction
  • line bursae (sac/pocket that surround knee joint)
  • absorb shock
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16
Q

where is synovial membrane found?

A
  • lines spaces between bones and joints (elbow, knee)
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17
Q

how do you name serous membrane?

A
  • site then organ
  • parietal pleura
  • visceral pleura
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18
Q

what is the integumentary system?

A
  • cutaneous membrane (skin)
  • accessory structures (appendages); hair, hair follices, nails, glands
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19
Q

what is the hypodermis?

A
  • not part of cutaneous skin!
  • deep in dermis
    -subQ tissue (adipose storage)
    -anchors skin to underlying structure
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20
Q

what cells are found in the epidermis

A
  • keratinocytes; >90% cells, continuously produced
  • produce keratin from deepest layer of epidermis
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21
Q

what are the cell layers of the epidermis?

A

stratum…
- corneum (horny)
- lucidum (clear)
- granulosum (granular)
- spinosum (spiny)
- basale (base)

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22
Q

where do stem cells divide?

A

stratum basale (base) of epidermis cell layers

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23
Q

how many layers does thin skin have?

A
  • 4 layers (no lucidum)
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24
Q

what are characteristics of thin skin?

A
  • covers most of body surface
  • has hair & smooth surface
  • thin skin –> thicker dermis
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25
Q

how many layers are in thick skin?

A

5 layers

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26
Q

what are characteristics of thick skin?

A
  • found in soles and palms
  • ridged surface w/ no hair
  • thick skin –> thinner dermis
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27
Q

how are callus’ formed?

A
  • extra stim for mitotic activity
  • turnover period shortened bc of constant friction
  • can result in thick stratum corneum (callus!)
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28
Q

where do the dermis and epidermis meet?

A
  • dermoepidermal junction
29
Q

what is the dermoepidermal junction?

A
  • glue epidermis to dermis below
30
Q

how do blisters form?

A
  • separation caused by rubbing that allows fluid to build up in pocket of dermoepidermal junction
31
Q

what are characteristics of the dermis?

A
  • strong, flexible CT, much thicker than epidermis
  • many nerve fibers, blood & lymphatic vessels
  • storage for water & electrolytes
  • temp regulation
  • elastic & collagen fibers
32
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A
  • papillary
    -reticular
33
Q

what are characteristics of the papillary dermal layer?

A
  • thin, superficial
  • areolar CT
  • dermal papillae –> folds, ridges (finger print), friction ridges, grip assist
34
Q

what are characteristics of the reticular dermal layer?

A
  • thicker, deep, most of dermis
  • dense irregular CT
  • arrector pili muscles
  • sensory receptors, sweat & sebaceous glands
  • RICH vascular supply (temp reg)
  • cleavage lines
35
Q

what are arrector pili muscles?

A

tiny muscles connected to each hair follicle & skin, causes hair to stand up when contracted

36
Q

what is a cleavage tension line

A

bundles parallel for less scaring; scars if 90 degree

37
Q

what touch receptor is found between the epidermal cells?

A

free nerve endings

38
Q

what touch receptor responds to texture and steady pressure?

A

tacticle disc

39
Q

where are tactile corpuscles found?

A

papillary layer of dermis

40
Q

what do free nerve endings respond to ?

A

sensitive to touch and pressure

41
Q

where are tactile discs found?

A

deepest layer of epidermis

42
Q

what do tacticle corpuscles respond to ?

A

detect fine touch, pressure, vibration

43
Q

what touch receptor is found between both dermal and subQ layer?

A

lamellar corpuscles

44
Q

what do lamellar corpuscles respond to ?

A

deep pressure & vibration

45
Q

where are bulbous corpuscles found?

A

reticular layer of dermis

46
Q

what do bulbous corpuscles respond to ?

A

pressure and stretching of skin

47
Q

what skin colour pigment does carotene give?

A
  • yellow/orange
  • seen in thick skin; deep & upper dermis
48
Q

what skin colour pigment does hemoglobin have?

A
  • pinkish (blushing)
  • from oxygenated hemoglobin
  • blue if lack of O2 (cyanotic)
49
Q

what skin colour pigment does melanin give?

A
  • yellow to reddish brown to black
  • determines skin colour
  • quantity of melanin produced (not melanocytes)
50
Q

what is eumelanin

A

dark brown (almost black)

51
Q

what is pheomelanin?

A

reddish and orange

52
Q

how is melanin formed?

A
  • melanocytes in stratum basale
  • from tyrosine
  • packaged into melanosome –> travels along melanocyte to keratinocyte
53
Q

what is albinism?

A

melanocyte present but do not have enzyme to produce melanin

54
Q

what would the symptoms for erythema be?

A
  • redness/rash caused by irritation, allergy, infection
55
Q

what are the symptoms of pallor?

A
  • decreased perfusion, anemia
56
Q

what are the symptoms of jaundice?

A
  • yellow discolouration of skin & eyes, liver disease
  • unable to properly process waste & bile builds up
57
Q

what are the symptoms of bruising?

A
  • red cells destroyed by injury
  • varies from dark pirple to yellow/green
58
Q

what symptoms does cyanosis have?

A
  • blue discolouration
  • blood is not carrying enough O2
59
Q

how does skin change as you age?

A

child: less sweat gland, more blood flow
teen: sebaceous and sweat gland activated
adult: seb & sweat less active, skin + hair less resilient
old: increased loss of function, temp reg issues because loss of adipose cells

60
Q

what is impetigo

A

staphylococcus or streptococcus
-erythema –> blisters & crusts

61
Q

what are warts

A

neoplasms, papillomaviruses, direct contact

62
Q

what are boils?

A

furuncles, local staph infx of hair follicle
- carbuncles –> fused group of boils

63
Q

what are decubitus ulcers?

A
  • pressure sores; bed sores
  • blood flow is slowed due to pressure
64
Q

what is urticaria?

A
  • hives, raised red lesions, leakage of fluid from vessels
  • hypersensitivity, allergic rxn, systemic diseases
65
Q

what are characteristics of basal cell carcinoma?

A
  • prolif of stratum basale cells
  • very responsive to treatment
  • grown slow, no spread (benign)
  • cause damage if untreated
66
Q

what are characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • from keratinocutes of stratum spinosum
  • grows rapidly
  • metastisize if not removed
67
Q

what are characteristics of melanoma?

A
  • from melanocyte; malignant
  • most dangerous, metastatic
    -resistant to chemo, spontaneous
68
Q

what are characteristics of karposi sarcoma?

A
  • common in immune deficincies
  • quickly spreads to lymph nodes & internal organs
69
Q

what are the ABCs of cancer?

A

A - asymmetry
B- borders
C- colour
D - diameter
E - evolving

BIOL 1001 (15 decks)

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