Lecture 2-Flolate Flashcards
Folate
What are key sources of folate in the diet?
Dark green leafy vegetables, orange juice, legumes, liver,
Folate is mediatory fortified into what ??
Bread
and cereals
What is the difference between folate and folic acid, and what is their relationship to each other?
Folate is methyltetrahydrofolate and differs from folic acid by a methyl group and 4 extra
carbons.
Folic acid is a pre vitamin - needs to be reduced to active form of folate = Tetrahydrofolate
They
have different carriers to cross cell walls and carry in blood.
What are the three main functions of folate in the body? For each, list at least three key
components of the relevant pathway
DNA synthesis
Purines
DNA methylation
why is liver such an important source of folate
mammals store 50% of their folate in their liver, so consuming liver from animals is a useful source
what part of the folate structure can we not make
- Humans can not make the middle bit
- We can also not combine all three so this is why it is an essential nutrient we get from our diet
what is folic acid
being added when the food is fortified
what is food folate
naturally present in food
where is folic acid usually found
supplements and food fortification
folic acid is in what form and why does this mean it is good to be used in fortification
fully oxidised form, it is quite stable and that is why it is used in fortification
which one of food folate of Folic acid either a polyglutatmate or monoglutamate
Food folate =polyglutamate
Folic acid = monoglutamate
absorption and cell retention order
Gut lumen
Enterocyte
Blood
Cell
when are polyglutamates in absorption of folate
when it has entered the enterocyte
what helps more food folate into the cell
reduced folate carrier
what helps move folic acid into the cell
folate receptor
what is DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) do
add on hydrogens (reduction reaction) to get folate to the active form
add on hydrogens (reduction reaction) to get folate to the active form
hydrogens have been added
if converting from food folate to the active form what has changed
there has been removal of methyl group by enzymes