Lecture 2 - Definitions Flashcards
1
Q
Define Biomechanics
A
- Application of physics to the understanding of the motions and deformations of body segments, organs, structures, tissues, cells due to forces, pressures, torques, shears, etc.
2
Q
What is linked rigid body biomechanics?
A
- taking masses that have volume
- assuming its rigid (even thought it has slight movements because muscles change shapes)
- linked = at joints, segments between are “rigid”
3
Q
What are you measuring in linked rigid body biomechanics?
A
- the movement of the bones (the rigid segments)
- can use x-rays to see what bones are doing
4
Q
What is skeletal biomechanics?
A
- deformation of the skeleton after a hit etc.
- deformable-body = not rigid, how the bones move
5
Q
What is vascular biomechanics?
A
- deformation of the soft tissues (blood vessels etc.) as the blood flows
- what musculature is involved in making the blood flow
6
Q
what is cellular biomechanics?
A
- measuring forces with which cells interact with their surroundings
- how they adapt to applied forces
7
Q
what are the 3 assumptions of linked rigid body biomechanics?
A
- body segments are rigid
- segments connect at joints
- joints have a well-defined number of ‘degrees of freedom’
8
Q
how many degrees of freedom are there?
A
- 6
- 3 rotational degrees of freedom
- 3 translational/linear degrees of freedom
9
Q
what is implied when a joint has more degrees of freedom?
A
- easier to dislocate/injure
- more movement
10
Q
define anthropometrics
A
- measurements of the physical characteristics of the human body
11
Q
what do larger moments of inertia entail?
A
- harder to rotate something
- vice versa with small moments of inertia
12
Q
what is mechanics?
A
- the physics of forces and motion, when applied to the human body it is ‘biomechanics’.
- there are 2 types; static and dynamic
13
Q
what is static mechanics?
A
- the study of bodies without acceleration
- does not mean no movement!!
- no inertia
14
Q
what is dynamic mechanics?
A
- the study of bodies with acceleration (what we mostly look at)
- the correct way to measure biomechanics
15
Q
what is acceleration?
A
- in m/s^2
- the time rate of change of velocity
- speeding up vs. slowing down
16
Q
what is velocity?
A
- in m/s
- the time rate of change of position
- movement
17
Q
what is position?
A
- in m
- aka length
18
Q
what is angular acceleration?
A
- in degrees/s^2
- the time rate of change of angular velocity
- are you speeding up or slowing down
19
Q
what is angular velocity?
A
- in degrees/s
- the time rate of change of angle
- how quickly are you going around
20
Q
what is angle?
A
- in degrees
- for rotational movements
21
Q
what is inertial force?
A
- your body want to keep going (even if you slam on the brakes) = linear
- when you are turning in a car and it causes you to fall = rotational
22
Q
define kinematics
A
- the study of geometry of motion
- position, velocity, acceleration
- angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration
- doesn’t care how you ar removing, jut that you are
23
Q
define kinetics
A
- study of the causes of motion
- force, pressure, torque, tension, shear, compression
- why you are moving, what is causing you to move
24
Q
what is inverse kinetics?
A
- measure the kinematics first, then work ‘backwards’ to figure out the kinetics that must have caused the motion you observed
- usually how you measure movement in the lab
25
Q
what is forward kinetics?
A
- measure the kinetics first, then try to figure out where the body is going to go
- hard to observe in the lab (but this is how you learned to walk/learn new movement patterns)
