Lecture 14 - The Lower Extremity Flashcards
what 3 joints are in the lower extremity?
- the hip
- the knee
- the ankle
what is the hip joint? what movement is here?
- head of proximal femur with acetabulum of pelvis
- acetabulum is a deep socket
- large ROM on all 3 planes (hard to dislocate)
- lower pressure in the joint, hard to relocate
- NO TRANSLATION (unless dislocating)
what are the large ligaments at the hip? (6)
- ligamentum teres
- acetabular labrum (deepens socket, negative pressure with water tightness)
- iliofemoral ligament (Y-shaped)
- pubofemoral ligament
- ischiofemoral ligament
- articular capsule (water-tight connective tissue sheet)
what muscles act on the hip joint to stabilize the femoral head? (6)
- tensor fascia lata
- gluteus medius, maximus and minimus
- 6 external rotators
- adductors
how does iliotibial band syndrome occur?
- hip abductors (glut med and min) pull at IT band
- causes pain at the back of the knee
- gets inflamed due to loading with every step
- pain arises from hip abductor overuse
what is the knee joint? what motion occurs here?
- articulation between the distal femur and the proximal tibia
- flexion and extension on the sagittal plane
what are the ligaments at the knee joint? (5)
- lateral collateral and medial collateral
- anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate
- oblique popliteal ligament
what is the role of collateral ligaments?
- stop rotation on the frontal plane
what is the role of cruciate ligaments?
- stop translation forward and backward
- crucius = cross (so there is no lever arm)
what is the meniscus?
- a tight cartilage ring
- surrounds the tibial plateau
- spreads the load between the femur and tibia
- reduces pressure
what are the 2 joints at the ankle?
- talocrural joint
- talocalcaneal joint (subtalar)
what movement occurs at the talocrural joint?
- dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
what movement occurs at the subtalar joint?
- eversion and inversion
what ligaments are at the ankle joint? (13)
- Anterior tibiofibular
- anterior talofibular
- dorsal tarsometatarsal
- intermetatarsal
- talocalcaneal
- posterior talofibular
- posterior tibiofibular
- tibiocalcaneal
- anterior tibiotalar
- tibionavicular
- tarsometatarsal
- plantar calcaneonavicular
- posterior tibiotalar
what plane(s) does inversion/eversion occur at?
- frontal and transverse
what are the mobilizers of the ankle? (11)
Tom Dick and Harry (flexors)
- tibialis posterior
- digitorum longus
- hallicus longus
- gastroc
- soleus
- popliteus
- tibialis
- peroneus longus
- peroneus brevis
- peroneus tertius
- digitorum longus (extensor)
what can you use to measure postural positioning?
- pressure pads
