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community conservation > lecture 2 commons > Flashcards

lecture 2 commons Flashcards

1
Q

hardin 1968 how do we deal overpopulation

A

-no tech solution
-stop the freedom to breed
-

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2
Q

hardin 1968 conclusion tradagy commons

A

to stop tradagy of the commons must stop over population
pop low = no harm
only way out socialism or gov ownership

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3
Q

Ostrom 1999 key view about tradagy of the commons

A

tradegy commons wrong not inevitable that they will be overexploited, more solution than gov ownership or sociasm.

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4
Q

ostrom 1999 what can instions do

A

restrict acess , create incentives invest recources, desighn effective property rights

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5
Q

norms cpr

A

-build trust
-not just free riding
-monitor each other
-authorities limit use
-users can enforce rules
people create rules - s

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6
Q

ostrom 1999 what does s resources depend on

A

-depend on recoue
-autonmy make decisions
-benfits saving outweigh cost

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7
Q

ostrom 1999 main challenges govern commons

A

-scale up problem
-loosing culture, more individualised
-accelerating rates change
-complication interlinked CPR
requirement unamnous decsion collective choice rules
-only one globe experiment resources

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8
Q

ostom 1999 conclusion tragedy commons

A

doesnt have to be if we learn from lesson past use communication and build trust.

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9
Q

define rules

A

generally agreed upon enforced prescription reuire, forbid , permit certian action

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10
Q

define right

A

particular action authorized

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11
Q

define property right

A

authority undertake paticular action related to specific domain

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12
Q

define access

A

right enter physically defined property

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13
Q

define withdrawal

A

right to obtain products resource

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14
Q

define management

A

right regulate internal use pattern transfrom recources and make improvements

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15
Q

define exlusion

A

right to determine who acess area

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16
Q

define alienation

A

right to sell or lease rights

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17
Q

schlanger and ostrom why defacto rights important -fishman

A

1) devise effective systems to stop overharvesting stop inefficient use recources
2) create operational rules match physical, economic, conditions area
3)reform wipe away effort local self regulation
4) local regulations beneficaries regulate costs= more efficient

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18
Q

schlanger ostrom 1992 what challanging rights

A

expansion tech, privatisation

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19
Q

adkikari 2021 how do local manage CPR

A

-creation formal and informal institutions

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20
Q

adkikari 2021 when does overexplotiation CPR occur

A

when open access and unregulated

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21
Q

adhikari and lovett 2004- what should system gov be like to manage recourses

A

highly flexible unsure managment is relevant to local conditions

22
Q

adhikari lovvet key condtion effective gov

A

accountabilty, conflcit managment , particpation, equity, effiecency, effectivenss

23
Q

kimegsi et al what is needed to improve community gov nepal and camerron

A

-strong legal and insitutional setup
-increase participation females
-strong federation users
-scientific forest managment
-more indignous and traditional approaches

24
Q

Robinson et al 2018 why need land tenure?

A

-help local development and conservation

-

25
Q

robinson et al 2018 what could be done to improve land tenure and conservation?

A

-assess baseline s-e polical situation and underlying tenure issues
-examine how land tenure interact conservation programs
-consider effects inteventions on groups
-when tenured secure reassess action to most likly achieve desighed outcomes

26
Q

what are CPR

A

non excludable and subtractable recourses

27
Q

what public goods

A

live in cant exlude using won’t dimish others use eg national defence, air

28
Q

what are club goods

A

regulate structures pay to acess e.g private parks , subscriptions

29
Q

what are private goods

A

-food, clothing, cars, fossil fue;s

30
Q

which people associate tradegy of the commons to

A

-William Forster loyd 1833
-hardin 1968

31
Q

is it a tradegy of the comon?

A

no- open acess

32
Q

Ostrom- 1990 problem hardin

A

-open acess sitation rare, people cooperate by making rules
manage them common property regimes

33
Q

define property right

A

how resource, ecomic good owned and used

34
Q

define recourse tenure system

A

-arrangment people gain access to natural recourses
- condtions which use recources and distribute benfits arising from them
-instutions and processes to manage processes

35
Q

what are 4 main tenure systems

A

-private
-communal
-individual
-open access

36
Q

benefits private property mange recourses

A

-clear ownership, authorty , abilty apply rules, long term securty= incentives manage recourse

37
Q

negative private property to manage recourse

A

owners not interested conservation = manage unsustainably

38
Q

issues state property managmet

A

-some not recourses to manage
-indignous not recognise = disputes
-lack capacity enforce rules= open acess

39
Q

how can state controll property rights

A

-laws
-tax

40
Q

what did hardin believe stop tradegy commons

A

-population control
-private property
-top down regulation

41
Q

how custimory insitution manage recouse

A
  • social norms
    -taboos
42
Q

issues custimory institions

A

-no legal footing
-hard to challange

43
Q

what is legal pluralism

A

rules and local customs exist alongside each other

44
Q

example legal plurilsm ghana

A

-cant cut down some trees as seen belong chief
+ state regulation what trees can be cut

45
Q

what external pressures make customary institutions vulneralbe

A

-migration
-modernsing forces
-marketss

45
Q

why did nationalization of forest recourse nepal fail

A

local not feel ownership forest = overexploit
lacked abilty to enforce property rights

46
Q

how many hectares forest managed CF nepal

A

2.2million ha

47
Q

why secure tenure good thing cons

A

-com know exlude otehrs recource
-promote s.use
-now manage long term

48
Q

differetn types tenure cons

A

-private property- PA
-common property- CBC

49
Q

what ostrom principles effective institutions

A

Define clear group boundaries.

  1. Match rules governing use of common goods to local needs and conditions.
  2. Ensure that those affected by the rules can participate in modifying the rules.
  3. Make sure the rule-making rights of community members are respected by outside authorities.
  4. Develop a system, carried out by community members, for monitoring members’ behavior.
  5. Use graduated sanctions for rule violators.
  6. Provide accessible, low-cost means for dispute resolution.
  7. Build responsibility for governing the common resource in nested tiers from the lowest level up to the entire interconnected system.
    —

community conservation (9 decks)

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