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indignous people Flashcards

1
Q

berkes 200 what features ik in adaptive managment

A

empahasise processes
-can’t control nature
-social learning
-irrative

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2
Q

berkes 2000 how can TK and adapative management be interconected

A

-TK can inspire adaptive management systems
-adaptive management framework can increase amount TK used

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3
Q

whats ICCAS

A

natural/modifies ecs significant biod values, voluntary conserved ip and local com, mobile or sedentary by customary laws/other effective means

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4
Q

external threats ICCAs

A

-development
-expoitation
-encroachment
-taxes
-party politics
0poaching
-pollution
-natural catastraphe

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5
Q

internal threats ICCAs

A

change values, pressure resources, inequaltiy , depopulation, loss food sovrienty

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6
Q

colding and folke 2001 what are resource and habit taboos that protect natural areas

A

1)segment taboos
2) temporal taboos
3)method taboos
4)life history taboo
5)species specific taboo
6)habitat taboo

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7
Q

key finding colding and folke 2001 about taboos resources

A

-no taboo found how much resources with drawn
-taboos similar mainstream cons actions
-taboos created not with aim to protect species
-enforcment-automatic sanctions, spiritualm chief social pressure
-not al cons benefit

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8
Q

colding and folke 2001 why advantage focus on socail taboos cons

A

-not costly
-people follow voluntarily

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9
Q

garnet et al 2018 how much land do ip protect

A

-38 million km 2
1/4 land surface

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10
Q

garnett et al 2018 why must we partner with IP

A

to meet biod and cc targets

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11
Q

bhagwat et al 2005 what is the differences forest groves, sacred forest and cofee plantations for biod?

A

-forest- large amount tree, more endemc trees
-sacred - more fungi, threatened trees and plant medical properies
-cofee least biod

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12
Q

bhagwat what cons measures came out looking different biod in different landuse practices

A

-need offical recognition sacred groves
-systems to reward effective protection
-joint planning and managment

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13
Q

Bgagwat conclusion biod areas outside pas

A

informal areas also important for biod and should be recognised

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14
Q

brook, melachlan 2008 how much LEK been encoperated into the litrature over 25 yr period

A

-LEK increasing
-still not in most prestigious journal mainly small intersdisplinary
-need include local more research procedures

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15
Q

colunsion brook melachlan 2008 how to improve LEK academia

A

-create guidlines how to work LEK
-K holders should be involved whole research process

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16
Q

cinner aswani 2007 principles hybrid cons managment

A

-stratagies :- reflect local and SE, cultral traditions
-match varying scales socail ecological processes
-process harness sc and local k systems
-legal capacity flexible and fast
-recognise limits what cons achieve
-embrace utlitarian nature custimory managment

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17
Q

cinner aswani 2007 whats benefits intergrating custimory managment into marine conservation

A

-create system thats highly flexible , conserve recouses and meets com goals

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18
Q

cinner aswani 2007 what key principles creating hybrid management schemes cons

A

-understand tenure and se situations in each location
-match spatial scale resources owned, used, governed and ecologically relevant processes
-harness local and science k system and mechanisms to detect change
-participatory process
-have legal capacity enforce rules, exclude outsiders , not erode traditional authority structures

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19
Q

huntingdon 2000 why is TEK not being intergrated sc

A

1)sc. lack knowledge social science methods
-tek not written down
-reluctance to share k due to issues ownership

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20
Q

huntigdon 2000 should we use TEK

A

although needs to be scrutinised in certain situations TEK help better resource use and management so should be used

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21
Q

keller 2009 do conservationist proberly use the term culture

A

no, conservationist focus tabood
-vulture more complex cons only use bit self serving

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22
Q

keller 2009 how can conservationist improve use culture

A

-use all parts not just focus on taboos that self serve aims

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23
Q

definition indigenous people international law

A

-descendant original inhabitant
-distinctive cultural ID
0relationship land historical, cultural, spiritual ties

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24
Q

how many IP are there

A

300-500m

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25
Q

how do IP contribute cons

A

-TEK
-ICCAs
-Customary institutions

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26
Q

what conditions are traditional livelihoods s.

A

-low population densities
-abundant land
-limited involvement market economies
based subsistance

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27
Q

what was the traditional lives Irapa-ukapa Venezuela

A

-moved over extensive areas
-, plant food

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28
Q

what are lives irapa-ukapa venezuela now like

A

-stationary seasonal laborers
-started using shotgeuns= wipe out mammals
-cash-caned meat
-grow coffee cash crop

29
Q

what change occured for the irapa-ukapa people

A

-lose traditional ideology, language economic pursuit replaces custom and behavioral characteristics venezualian rural culture many fled land economic crisis

30
Q

what did vilet et al 2015 find about IP

A

chicken increasingly replace wild meat and fish source protien

31
Q

how ip gained TEK

A

lived area 1000’s yrs - accumlate k to survuve

32
Q

who are now interested in TEK

A

-cons bio
-anthropoligist
-ethnobiology
-pharmacutical researchers
-zoologists

33
Q

berks et al defintion TEK

A

cumulative body language, practice and beliefs evolving by adaptive process and handed down through generations by cultural transmission about relationship by cultural transmission , relationship living being one another and envi

34
Q

what are the issues of reliability with TEK

A

-issue how reliable is when based on myth
-need to work out how much is based on objective k VS beliefs

35
Q

what are uses TEK

A

-location-specific knowledge
-k envi linkages
- help understand traditional management practices and cons
-help provide basis comanagement discussions

36
Q

who used TEK to help survey birds

A

gardner et al

37
Q

Gardner et al how did TEK help survey bird

A

18/73 species were found from interviews with fishmen

38
Q

what benefits using TEK to survey biodiversity

A

-cheap and quick

39
Q

what must make sure when asking locals for help surveying biod

A

must ensure they can ID species

40
Q

what ICCAS stand for

A

indigenous and community conserved area

41
Q

how IP conserve ICCAS

A

-voluntary cons
-customary laws
-other effective means cons

42
Q

what are IP motivation to conserve areas

A

-safeguard resources
-provide envi product
-spiritual, religious value, cultural ID, pride, responsibility
-expression of political and cultural autonomy

43
Q

gardner et al 2018 what percent earth managed IP

A

25%

44
Q

how much IP managed land overlap PA and ecologically intact landscapes

A

40%

45
Q

schuster et al 2019 where do ICCAS have higher vertibrate than formal PAs

A

-Australia
-brazil
-canada

46
Q

schuster et al 2019 what countries do ICCAs have more threatened species than PAs

A

-brazil
-canada

47
Q

do IP want recognition for there pas

A

-soemtimes yes sometimes no

48
Q

why some IP not want formal recognition for there role in managing pas

A

-come with paper work and beacracie
-have to stock to criteria so restrict their activities

49
Q

what pros of ICCAs have formal protection

A

-additional legal protection
-e.g help stop migrants
-managment support
-funding

50
Q

what are the cons formal protection ICCAs

A

-disempower and demotivate (rules now set someone else and have to follow)
-create conflict traditional and new institutions
-place limits activities

51
Q

what occured kalahari game reserve example IP and protected areas

A

-created 1961 protect san bushmen
-allowed to hunt traditional weapons
-but started to settle and use modern weapons
=banned hunting and expelled
=reserve offer protection but limit development

52
Q

whats motivational crowding

A

-imposing rules = crowd out intrinsic motivation

53
Q

whats a example of motivation crowding

A

-sacred fprest in madagsca became PA = people no longer believe in taboos as rules came from gov not ancestor

54
Q

What are the main threats to ICCAs

A

-lack legal protection
-not recognised private entrepreneurs, neibours migrants
-can’t stop others entering
-may appear unmanaged/underexploited area = vulenrible appropriation,re-allocation land

55
Q

external threats ICCAs

A

-dev/resources extraction
-expropriation common land
-settling migrants/refugees
-inappropriate recognition
-active acculturalization programs

56
Q

how do conservation threaten ICCAs

A

-traditional livlihood s. because land pristine now cons take land if they had destroyed it would of been left to them

57
Q

what are internal threats ICCAs

A

-cultural change, values
-increasing pressure resources
-new opportunities commercialisation
-new scources internal conflict
-depopulation

58
Q

whats segment taboos

A

regulate resource extraction by a segemnt of society
e.g pregnant woman, children

59
Q

wjhat temporal taboo

A

-regulate acces time
e.g when fish and hunt

60
Q

what method taboo

A

-regulate resource extraction
Lac Ravelobe, Madagascar – taboo (fady) on nets allowed
coexistence with crocodiles

61
Q

what life history taboo

A

stop exploitation vulrible life stages- eg not tak epregnant female, or roosting animals

62
Q

what species specific taboo

A

-total protection species time and space- eg percieved toxic, sacred, reincarnate, ugly

63
Q

WHAT HABITAT TABOO

A

restrict acess and use time and space ICCAs
-religous tabo eg sacred forest

64
Q

taboos relationship conservation

A

-many taboos similar
-no limit how much exploited
-most don’t aim to manage resorces

65
Q

example of effective tabo

A

-fady against commercialisation cray fish Madagascar

66
Q

what are the strengths customary institutions

A

-high compliance and self enforcing (
-vague sanction = easily reinforced
-low monitoring and enforcement costs

67
Q

why taboos good enforcment

A

-comply fear spritiual retribution
-sanction automatic don’t have to be caught fear god do something to you

68
Q

what are the limits of customary institutions

A

-no legal basis
-weakened by formalisation could crowd out beliefs
-low resilience- vulnerible erosion and social-econmic transformation
-don’t aim conservation
-some no cons benefit
-may relax if need convert area

69
Q

what can be problem intergrating taboo and cons

A

may weaken mangment
crowd out motivation

community conservation (9 decks)

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