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community conservation > cons UK > Flashcards

cons UK Flashcards

1
Q

what is common land

A

-collectively owned land
-privatly or publically owned land which ithers have rights

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2
Q

when was common land first enshrined UK law

A

-magna carta 1215

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3
Q

where do british commons originate from

A

medieval origin- in doomsday book
-common pasture- open access no rules

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4
Q

how much land UK in commons before enclosure

A

50%

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5
Q

what occurred common land 16th century

A

gentry exluded people common land to improve it through mechanization and intensification agriculture

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6
Q

what enclosure act 1845

A

-try enclose all land
(never achieved)

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7
Q

what was the open space society

A

-1865 set up to protext commons from enclosure

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8
Q

what was the metropolitan common act 1866

A

protect common green lung urban population

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9
Q

why do we protect common today

A

-ecs
-intrinsic value
-contribute biod
-water quality
-carbon capture

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10
Q

how large common land currently in britian

A

1.1million ha

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11
Q

what rights do commons have today

A

-pasture
-peat
-fire wood
-pig grazing
-fishing

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12
Q

when was new forest established as royal forest

A

1079 william 1

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13
Q

WHEN WAS THE NEW FOREST MADE A NATIONAL PARK

A

2005

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14
Q

why new forest important biod

A

-2/3 british reptile
-threatened butterfly
-moth
-bats
-dragon flies
-SSSI’s

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15
Q

what was the new forest tradionally managed for

A

-dear

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16
Q

what is regulation new forest based on

A

-legal pluralism
-some tranditons some statutes regulating managment

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17
Q

what been historic conflicts new forest

A

state hunting VS locals grazing

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18
Q

what did revolt of commoners in new forest create

A

commoner defence association

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19
Q

what major event occurred new forest 1960

A

taken over by forst commission turned plantation major revolt commoners

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20
Q

How are the rules applied in the new forest

A

Verderers court

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21
Q

what is the role of the verderers court new forest

A

1) protect and administer new forest common practices
2) conserve new forest tradional landscape and character
3) safe guard viable future for commons

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22
Q

what role agister

A

-emploerd vercerers
-implement rooles
-survalance forest livestock
-apply law
-collect fees

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23
Q

how much common declined 1987-2007

A

50%

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24
Q

why do we still have commons today?

A

-cultural signidicance
-socal
-traditions

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25
Q

what would be the effect biod if there was no more commons?

A

-habitat lost
-cons managers have ttake on riole grazing livestock

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26
Q

what new forest example of

A

-common property system
-example successfully defended rights
-successful implementation CP rules
-community-based land management had cons benefit

27
Q

how has the new forest been good for conservation?

A

-resisted enclosure and intensification land
-continued traditional landuse= halt ecological succession

28
Q

how is green space conserved in the UK

A

-private land- maintain hegdges
-volunteering private reserve
-com conserved green spaces

29
Q

why is it important to preserve orchards

A

-species rich
-priority habitats UK biod plan

30
Q

what is example threatened species found in orchard

A

golden eye lichen

31
Q

how many orchid UK poor condition

A

45%

32
Q

when was the first com woodland

A

1984

33
Q

2014 how many com woodland UK

A

700

34
Q

how much increase com woodland 2008-2013

A

67%

35
Q

why has there been a increase in com woodlands?

A

-increasing com action
-increasing envi concern
-change social and political prriorites
-increase interest tree planting

36
Q

what size com forest

A

1-1000ha

37
Q

what varation between different com forest

A

-ownerships
-decision making
-legal structure

38
Q

what main focus com forest scot , wales

A

production wood

39
Q

what main focus com woodland England

A

-recreation
-cons
-education

40
Q

what issues com woodland

A

-little research impact, outcomes
-difficult manage economically
-difficult find insurance , grant
-lowland avibilty having them

41
Q

what role woodland trust com forest

A

-give guidance how to plan and fund forests

42
Q

what role com woodland association

A

-lobby
-support and establish new groups
-promote com forest politics and world

43
Q

what training and support does com woodland association provide

A

-aquiring land
-woodland managemnt
-social entreprise development
-capacity building
-com involvemnt

44
Q

why was ashford com forest set up

A

celebrate millinium

45
Q

who involved running Ashford com forest

A

-local com group
-council
the conservation volunteers

46
Q

what are local nature reserves

A

-statuary designates in national park and country side act 1949

47
Q

what are limit local nature reserve

A

-limit activities local com groups
-have to abide by rules

48
Q

xhalange private property and comon berge 2006 norway

A

people building near beach front want to keep people out but private right oif way put up markers try discourgae but people still allowed curenlty lack enforcemnt to ensure peoples rights to these areas are maintained

49
Q

berge 2006 why common property

A

-some areas no reason to privatise
-pepole need survival
-saftey numbers
-technical difficulty excluding people some areas so keep in common

50
Q

how to solve issues of trespassing comomn property berge 2006

A

-new rules
-create institutional arrangement to overcome problem
-design common different stakeholders and bundles rights embedded
-institutions collective action make sure every one benefits

51
Q

bravo mock 2008 what challanges common europe face

A

-industralisation
-underuse econoimc value forest dure fragmented forest

52
Q

bravo and mock 2008 conclusion common europe

A

-common vital part human essence
-important ensure survive

53
Q

why poeople want com woodland oxford laurence 2010

A

-consrve nature
-socail rewarding
-snese com
-stop loss access
-connection nature
welbeing benefit

54
Q

laurence 2010 is property right important com forest

A

-no, com don’t need to own it is enough they have sense of ownership of site

55
Q

laurence 2010 conclusion com forest oxford

A

-sites help contrubute resillint lnadscapes
gov policy need banalce local iniative

56
Q

Newton adrian 2009 how resiliant social ecological system new forest bee

A

-resilent climate change, mass morality, war
-resolution farming allinaces local and external partner
-suvived changes gv
-stable land use
-evolt stoped enclosures

57
Q

whats helped new forest be ressilent?

A

-diversity
-legal protection as royal forest
-traditional management stopped succession

58
Q

short 2008 why do we protect common modern day

A

-sustainable recourses
-biod
-recreation
-heritage
-archeology
-ecs approach

59
Q

short 2008 what adaptive management occurs in the commons

A

-management locally crafted rules enforced users
-felxible recouse use adjusted context
-users who accumlate ecological k base
-managment adjusted meet recourse and ecs change

60
Q

short 2008 what is needed to improve the management of the commons UK

A

-long term planning with local participation
-include new stakeholders
-ecs approach to increase engagement
-increase adaptive managment
-not just focus economics

61
Q

dupuits what alternative way to manage com forest

A

-create transnational network
-create new norms used all scales
-self help network of key actors
-create new forms governance
-not only local actors included

62
Q

lawrence 2009 what CF England

A

urban recreation= public benefit

63
Q

lawrence 2009 whats CF scotland

A

-urban regeneration
-com ownership
-entreprise rural areas

community conservation (9 decks)

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