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community conservation > lecture 1 intro communite > Flashcards

lecture 1 intro communite Flashcards

1
Q

sheppard et al 2010 has cbc been succesful ghana hippo sanctory

A

yesd- built tabo against killing , 7-8 more develpoment other regions , ecotourism

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2
Q

grawak 1999 what has comunity traditionally been seen as?

A

ssmall area/numvber individuals= homogneos social strucutre= set shared understanding how recources should be used= desirable recource use and conservation outcomes

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3
Q

grawal, gibson 1999 what should focus when looking at community

A

-diffrernt interests and actors
-how influence decsion making
-internal and external instiutions that shapoe decsion making
-focus making instituions better rather community

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4
Q

garwal and gibson what is a institution

A

-formal and informal norms shape interactions human and nature
-mediate action
-show power relations actors
-help accomplish taks

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5
Q

garwal and gibson 199 solution CBC

A

-focus abilty community create & inforce rules
-need rights to remove representives
-settle disputes in community
-gov stop invation rights & intracommunity conflict

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6
Q

Garwal and Gibson 1999 alternative view coomunty

A

comm groups vary: Size, composition, norm, resource dependence= institutional aragment and proceeses decision making and enforcemnt= recorce managment outcome

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7
Q

garwal and gibson 199 how to improve cbc

A

-more checks and balances
-local groups more power & abilty negotiate gov
-improve decision making process
-give adequate funds implement decisions

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8
Q

kumar 2005 what is the concept of community in natural resource managementeant

A

-no agreed term com
- impossible to define
-assuption = misleading recource managment

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9
Q

titz et al 2018 what term com imply

A

people-centered, participatory, grass routes approach

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10
Q

tiltz et al 2018 why CBC come about

A

-top down approaches not working
neo-liberalsim not working

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11
Q

titz et al if no clear commnity what should we focus on

A

-people centered-
state litrature who and where working

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12
Q

examples of historic cbc

A

-protected forest ancient world
-hunting reserves
-sacred groves

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13
Q

why modern conservation start west

A

-redicovery romantic vision nature
-scientific exploration natural world
-concerns destruction nature

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14
Q

what differences uk and USA conservation

A

-uk= issue smal cramped polluted= romantic vision country side protect landscape
-usa - everexpanding frontier= overexploitation nature, need to manage nature better

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15
Q

whats utilitarian perspective conserving nature

A

-concern about inefficany waste
-science based managment
-instrumental value nature
-anthropogenic focus
-promote extractive value

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16
Q

when yellow stone national park created

A

1872

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17
Q

idea national park

A

wildness area free from people , top down created by the state

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18
Q

how did national park exclude indigonous people

A

-physical- eviction people
-economic- prevent extractive use
-political- no role managment gov

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19
Q

conservation key event 1940

A

-concern wildlife be slaughtered when colonies handed back to locals
-creastion game reserve hunting

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20
Q

example game reserve

A

Tsavo

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21
Q

What was main decision 1962 first world conference national parks

A

legal protection parks against all human exploitation

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22
Q

what occurd 1960 conservation

A

-hit mainstram
-1961 creation wwf

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23
Q

what key trend conservation 1980

A

rise community based conservation. e.g community forest nepal, community based managment park africa

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24
Q

what ethical reason CBC

A

-well being
-right recources
-

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25
Q

pragmatic reason CBC

A

-communism proves states not manage resources
-state lacked the capacity manage
recognition importance of custimory institutions
-limit idea wilderness
-idea natives manage better

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26
Q

what are different levels CBC participation

A

-passive beneficiary without power projects imposed
-active decision maker
(continuum)

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27
Q

what different objectives CBC

A

-gov promoting political reason
- devolopment agency promote improve food security reduce poverty
-conserve biodiversity

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28
Q

why was CBF in nepal

A

-states nationalised forest = degradation overexploitation
lacked ownership exploit much possible needed to change this stop overexploitation

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29
Q

why communities should manage

A

more investment resources use them part of daily lives

30
Q

what different approaches CBC

A

-integrated conservation and development programs (ICDPS)
-CBNRM
-collaborative management
-PES/direct payment

31
Q

What ICDPS aims

A

=reduce conflcit people PS
income activites
-PA out reach
_revenue share
-try and reduce conflict

32
Q

what CBNRM

A

-com take ownership
-sustainable managment

33
Q

whats collabrative management

A

joint management com and state

34
Q

Dresler et al view CBNRM

A

-not ideal in practice
- on the ground very differnt to theries

35
Q

What preservationist used failure early CBC to argue

A

-biod only managed strict PA
- CBC= romantic ideal lack science
- sustainable use =rare
-waste conservation resources
-need protect 50% earth

36
Q

why did early CBC fail?

A

-lack definition CBC
-lacked proper planning
-implementation flaws = not understand on the ground reality
-flawed understanding com

37
Q

lele et al 2020 reasons CBC not working

A

-incomplete rights to com
-lack space to operate
-lack ability to work

38
Q

geisier , de sousa 2001 how many refugees madagasca biosphere project 1990

A

35000

39
Q

geisier , de sousa 2001 solutions to PA refugees

A

-land reform
-improve equity and effeciancy
-give local property rights
-shift smaller farms more efficient less envi impacts
-if no place go shouldn’t exlude people

40
Q

What was barret et al 2015 framework to analyse a community

A

-interest- shared concerns, pursuits
-norms- standard of conduct and rules emerge long standing pattern interaction
-identity- individual or cloocetive (common traditions, interactions, shared struglles)

41
Q

lee and newby socialogy definiton com

A

socioal organisation family, kinship and society

42
Q

barret 2015 conclusion com

A

-myth
-complex
-need to undercover dynamics inclusion, exlusion
-com vulnerible exlusion

42
Q

barret 2015 conclusion com

A

-myth
-complex
-need to undercover dynamics inclusion, exlusion
-com vulnerible exlusion

43
Q

what make com resilent interest

A

collective, nested private interest

44
Q

what makes com resilient normativity

A

-honour
-sociabilty
-trust
-communication
-peer pressure

45
Q

what makes com resilient identity

A

-sense duty
-pluralist com identity

46
Q

what make com vulneruble interest

A

-unchecked private interest
-captive collective interest

47
Q

what makes com vulnerable normativity

A

-boundary construction
-othering
-role type casting
-ostracism

48
Q

what makes com vulnerible identity

A

-rivildge self
-oppositional identity
-exenephobia

49
Q

frite de bear 2012 is com developmetn resolve poverty

A

no- only 2.5% lived near reserve benfit

50
Q

frit de bear 2012 is com useful concept

A

no, romantic ideal,just token rules managment

51
Q

brockingston et al 2006 why is it difficult reconcile poverty reduction with conservation what going wrong

A

-lack info social impact pa
-not only focus indignous people
-understand ecologes coexistance- wildernes unrealist

52
Q

what needed future cons brockingston 2006

A

reconcile harm past work out how to shape interactions human and nature

53
Q

brooks et al 2006 how tried link development and conservation

A

-permited use natural recources, market acess, greater com involvemnt

54
Q

brooks et al 2006 what done link conservation and dev

A

-utilistion- allow acess recources buffer zones
-market integration
-decentralisation-com input
-longitudal studies , mutipel measures

55
Q

dressler et al 2010- how succesful has CBNRM been?

A

-very few successes
-desempowered people
based standadized practices not aligned local priorities

56
Q

dresler et al 2010 can CBRNM be saved

A
  • focus rights people not free markets
    -prioritise social and envi justice
    -marginal people need acess to land
    -stratags deal changing politics and economcs
57
Q

dressler et al 2010 what doese the future CBRNM depend on

A

future projects must be embedded socio,cultral relations, politics and recource needs

58
Q

hutton et al 2011 what arguments been to return to barrier conservation

A

-biod conservscale problem olu sold strit areas ation moral imperitive
-CBA not based on science
-CBA romanitc unrelatistic ideal
-s. use rare
-people orientated approach failed
-CBA waste recources
-PA proven work
-

59
Q

conclusion hutton 2011 should we return to barrier conservation

A

no, PAS won’t be enough alone. CBA failed improper implementation = could be improved

60
Q

conclusion hutton 2011 should we return to barrier conservation

A

no, PAS won’t be enough alone. CBA failed improper implementation = could be improved

61
Q

lele et al 2010 what must be adressed CBC

A

-desighn flaws
-simplified assumtions about rights
biological information and monitoring costs
-state intevention

62
Q

lele et al 2010 why hasn’t non exclusion worked yet

A

-not enough state support
-lack space to function
-leoliberalistion limit effectiveness
-

63
Q

lele et al 2010 problem with PAs

A

-problems moved else where
-prisitne area not meanigful goal
-extinctions still occur PAs
-cause conflcit
-not ethical exclude people
locals arnt destriyers of envi

64
Q

Lele et al 2010 how to have non-exlusion conservation methods

A

-rights resource use distributed locals and state
-need understand economic and political trends when designing effective institutions
-need develop alternatives to neo-liberal way of thinkingti

65
Q

odekap 2019 has decentralisation nepal helped people and biod

A

Y- reduction poverty and deforestation

66
Q

why petrellio 2019 look into use term empowerment in conservation?

A

don’t use the term correctly= undermine role local involvement

67
Q

whats the use of the term empowment been like in conservation

A

unclear inprecise
-used can help improve cons outcomes
-

68
Q

what needed impove empowerment in conservation

A

-create a framework help employ
-need understanding nuance
-measure changes power and capacity
-look strategies create empowermen
-only use when its vitalt

69
Q

what done CBC west african hippo reserve shepard 2010

A

-built taboo against killing hippos
-economic diversification
-ecotourism
-use com help collect data help build pride

community conservation (9 decks)

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