Lecture 2: Building blocks of behaviour

Question 1

what do nerves do ?

Answer 1

Bring information to and form the CNS

Question 2

what is a sea squirt?

Answer 2

filter feeder at the bottom of the ocean

Question 3

what does a sea squirt begin life as?

Answer 3

tadpole

Question 4

what happens during the maturation of a sea squirt?

Answer 4

1. attaches to a rock
2. digests its own brain
3. stays for the rest of its life

Question 5

what are the 5 stages in mallows hierarchy of needs?

Answer 5

physiological 
safety 
love/belonging
esteem
self actualisation

Question 6

how many lobes does the Brian have ?

Answer 6

4 lobes

Question 7

what are the lobes of the brain ?

Answer 7

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

Question 8

what does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 8

involved in planning and organisation

Question 9

what does the parietal lobe do?

Answer 9

involved in sensation and touch

Question 10

what does the occipital lobe focus on?

Answer 10

vision

Question 11

what is the temporal lobe important for controlling ?

Answer 11

memory and auditory processing

Question 12

do most mammals have similar brain structure?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

what are the transmitters on a nerve cell?

Answer 13

Axons

Question 14

what are the branches son axons known as ?

Answer 14

Axon collaterals

Question 15

what is the cell body of a neurone called?

Answer 15

soma

Question 16

what are dendrites from the soma called?

Answer 16

basal dendrites

Question 17

what are apical dendrites?

Answer 17

radiate from a long tuft

Question 18

what is a cytoskeleton formed form ?

Answer 18

microtubules, neurofilaments and microfilaments

Question 19

what’s the key function of microtubules?

Answer 19

provide structure and transport materials inside the neurone.

Question 20

what shape are microtubules?

Answer 20

large hallow tubes

Question 21

what size are microtubules ?

Answer 21

20nm

Question 22

what is anterograde axoplasmic transport?

Answer 22

soma to the terminal

Question 23

what protein is used in anterograde axoplasmic transport?

Answer 23

kinesin

Question 24

what is retrograde axoplasmic transport?

Answer 24

terminal to soma

Question 25

what protein is used in retrograde axoplasmic transport?

Answer 25

dynein

Question 26

which type of axoplasmic transport is faster?

Answer 26

anterograde

Question 27

How big are neruofilaments?

Answer 27

10nm

Question 28

why are neruofilaments strong?

Answer 28

due to their coiled structure

Question 29

How big are mcirofilaments?

Answer 29

5nm

Question 30

what are mcirofilaments made from?

Answer 30

actin

Question 31

what do microfilament contribute too?

Answer 31

fluidity of neurones

Question 32

what are some facts about axons?

Answer 32

long, vary in diameter, no rough ER or ribosomes, ends at axon terminal, membranes have different proteins

Question 33

where do axons end?

Answer 33

presynaptic terminal

Question 34

neurotransmitters are packed into....

Answer 34

synaptic vesicles

Question 35

how are vesicles discharged?

Answer 35

exocytosis

Question 36

what do postsynaptic receptors do?

Answer 36

bind neurotransitters

Question 37

what are the membrane of dendrites filled with?

Answer 37

receptors

Question 38

do all dendrites have spines?

Answer 38

some

Question 39

what are the three configurations of neurones ?

Answer 39

multipolar, bipolar unipolar

Question 40

where are neurotransmitters made?

Answer 40

in the axon terminal

Question 41

how do sensory neurones convey information?

Answer 41

process endings in the skin muscles and sensory organs detect stimuli from the environment and in the body, they connect to other neurones conveying information to the CNS.

Question 42

what are the junctions of motor Neurones known as?

Answer 42

motor end plates

Question 43

what are two neurones classified by morphology??

Answer 43

stellate neurones and pyramidal neurones

Question 44

what shape are stellate neurones?

Answer 44

star

Question 45

how did pyramidal neurones gain their name?

Answer 45

soma is shaped like a tiny pyramid

Question 46

name 5 type sof glia

Answer 46

``` astrocytes oligodendrocytes Schwann cells microglia radial glia ```

Question 47

when are glia cells important?

Answer 47

during early Brian development

Question 48

what do astrocytes do?

Answer 48

maintain homeostasis

Question 49

how do astrocytes maintain homeostasis?

Answer 49

- pride structural suport - provide nutrients - regulate ions and molecules in extracellular fluid - help form the blood brain barrier

Question 50

what do oligodendrocytes do?

Answer 50

insulate axos in myelin sheath in the CNS

Question 51

what do Schwann cells do?

Answer 51

found in the PNS do the same as oligodendrocytes

Question 52

what are nodes of ranvier?

Answer 52

unmylenated segments of axon

Question 53

what are microglia?

Answer 53

immune cells of the CNS

Question 54

how are radial glia involved in brain developemnt?

Answer 54

helps neurones migrate t new locations by providing processes