Lecture 2 Flashcards
what are dimensions?
differences in degrees
most often a bell curve
what are types?
qualitative differences
form specific clusters
Hyppocreates’ humores
sanguinicus colericus melancholocus flegmaticus used until 18th century
sanguinicus
stable & extraverted
optimistic
sociable
corpulent
colericus
unstable & extraverted
aggressive
competitive & ambitious
skinny
melancholicus
unstable & introverted
thoughtful
depressed
flegmaticus
stable & introverted calm relaxed not easilty upset corpulent
William Sheldon
types based on development of the embryo
endoderm
mesoderm
extoderm
endoderm
corpulent
sociable
mesoderm
muscular
competitive
ectoderm
skinny
introverted
Myers-Briggs typology
Based on CG Jung
still used in companies
typological
Myers-Briggs four dichotomys
extraversion vs introversion sensing vs intuition thinking vs feeling judging vs perceiving -> 16 types
dimensions of the humors
stable vs unstable
introverted vs extraverted
what is neuroticism?
pronness to negative emotion
emotional stability vs instability
Galton
tried to perform lexical approach
but it was too much
nouns and personality
stereotypes
identities
Allport and Odbert
first counted adjectives
Goldberg
first to perform lexical approach
big five domains
extraversion agreeableness conscienteousness emotional stability = neuroticism openness to experience = intellect
lexical research process
correlate every adjective
create correlation matrix
correlation = repacability
factor analysis
most common personality test
NEO-PR-R
Dutch NEO aequivalent
FFPI
sixth dimension
honesty-humility
originally found in South Corean samplee
differences Big Five and HEXACO
honesty-humiltiy
irratability is agreeableness in Big5
emotionality in HEX
three implications of HEXACO
extraversion = social engagement conscieteousness = task management openness = ideas engagement
what are higher-order factors?
being high on one doesn’t say anything about the others
first-order reactive
primary reactions to being wronged
influenced by agreeableness
second-order reaction
secondary reactions
influenced by emotionality
traits of school shooters
low emotionality low agreeableness low honesty-humility low altruism NOT introversion
multivariate normality
you can’t find clusters
three clusters in NEO by Asendorf
undercontrolled (low agreeableness & conscieteousness)
overcontrolled (high neuroticism &low extraversion
reslient (low neuroticism, everything else high)
problem with cluster analysis
you always find clusters when you do it
= types, explain less than dimensions
