Lecture 2

Question 1

what are dimensions?

Answer 1

differences in degrees

most often a bell curve

Question 2

what are types?

Answer 2

qualitative differences

form specific clusters

Question 3

Hyppocreates’ humores

Answer 3

sanguinicus
colericus
melancholocus
flegmaticus
used until 18th century

Question 4

sanguinicus

Answer 4

stable & extraverted
optimistic
sociable
corpulent

Question 5

colericus

Answer 5

unstable & extraverted
aggressive
competitive & ambitious
skinny

Question 6

melancholicus

Answer 6

unstable & introverted
thoughtful
depressed

Question 7

flegmaticus

Answer 7

stable & introverted
calm
relaxed
not easilty upset
corpulent

Question 8

William Sheldon

Answer 8

types based on development of the embryo
endoderm
mesoderm
extoderm

Question 9

endoderm

Answer 9

corpulent

sociable

Question 10

mesoderm

Answer 10

muscular

competitive

Question 11

ectoderm

Answer 11

skinny

introverted

Question 12

Myers-Briggs typology

Answer 12

Based on CG Jung
still used in companies
typological

Question 13

Myers-Briggs four dichotomys

Answer 13

extraversion vs introversion
sensing vs intuition
thinking vs feeling
judging vs perceiving
-> 16 types

Question 14

dimensions of the humors

Answer 14

stable vs unstable

introverted vs extraverted

Question 15

what is neuroticism?

Answer 15

pronness to negative emotion

emotional stability vs instability

Question 16

Galton

Answer 16

tried to perform lexical approach

but it was too much

Question 17

nouns and personality

Answer 17

stereotypes

identities

Question 18

Allport and Odbert

Answer 18

first counted adjectives

Question 19

Goldberg

Answer 19

first to perform lexical approach

Question 20

big five domains

Answer 20

extraversion
agreeableness
conscienteousness
emotional stability = neuroticism
openness to experience = intellect

Question 21

lexical research process

Answer 21

correlate every adjective
create correlation matrix
correlation = repacability
factor analysis

Question 22

most common personality test

Answer 22

NEO-PR-R

Question 23

Dutch NEO aequivalent

Answer 23

FFPI

Question 24

sixth dimension

Answer 24

honesty-humility

originally found in South Corean samplee

Question 25

differences Big Five and HEXACO

Answer 25

honesty-humiltiy
irratability is agreeableness in Big5
emotionality in HEX

Question 26

three implications of HEXACO

Answer 26

extraversion = social engagement
conscieteousness = task management
openness = ideas engagement

Question 27

what are higher-order factors?

Answer 27

being high on one doesn’t say anything about the others

Question 28

first-order reactive

Answer 28

primary reactions to being wronged

influenced by agreeableness

Question 29

second-order reaction

Answer 29

secondary reactions

influenced by emotionality

Question 30

traits of school shooters

Answer 30

low emotionality
low agreeableness
low honesty-humility
low altruism
NOT introversion

Question 31

multivariate normality

Answer 31

you can’t find clusters

Question 32

three clusters in NEO by Asendorf

Answer 32

undercontrolled (low agreeableness & conscieteousness)
overcontrolled (high neuroticism &low extraversion
reslient (low neuroticism, everything else high)

Question 33

problem with cluster analysis

Answer 33

you always find clusters when you do it

= types, explain less than dimensions