Lecture 11 Flashcards
scientific belief
objective realtiy
discoverable by science
humanistic belief
no objective reality
everything constructed and relative
critical of the West
Franz Boas
founder of American anthropology
Kroeber and Mead
students of Boas
humans as blank slate
standard social science model
until 1980
blank slate
culture is everything
transmitted culture
higher-level meaning
culturally transmitted
integrated model
biology + culture
evoked culture
environment shaped culture
evocation of pathogen avoidance
xenophobia
value-based approaches
transmitted culture as key to understand humans
examples of value-based approaches
individualism vs collectivism
(=interdependence vs independence)
honor vs dignitiy
Markus and Kitayama
founders of collectivism vs individualism
Oyserman
massive meta-analysis on collectivism-individualism
lack of standardization
different results
no clear East-West differentiation
interpretation hierarchy
first think about whether something is just a convention, not something important
replication of big five
all except openness
biggest geographical contrast in Big Five
East Asia vs US in extraversion
regional difference in Big Five in US
neuroticism higher on East Coast
coasts (and Texas) are ore open
James Damore
Google’s Ideological Echo Chamber
was fired
maximalist position
gender differences are everything
minimalist position
Gender Similarities Hypothesis
women are better at
alround competency
social
linguisitic
men are better at
visual-spatial
mechanical reasoning
variability and gender
men are more variable
more men at the extremes
neuroticism and gender
higher in women
after puberty
more affective disorders
largest gender difference
interests
large effect sizes
affect ocupation, also after controlling for salary
socialization theory
gender differences are taught
preference theory
differences are due to inate preferences
prediction of socialization theory
in an equal society, there are no sex differences
prediction of prefrence theory
tere are more sex differences in equal societies than in unequal
STEM field and sex differences
larger in egalitarian countires
maybe due to less economical pressure
-> preference theory
strong situation hypothesis
the stronger the situation the less personality differences matter, and vice versa
the gender paradoxx
the more you treat men and women equal, the more different they will become
