Lecture 2

Question 1

What is the average concentration of Na+?

Answer 1

135 - 145mmol/L

Question 2

What is the average concentration of K+?

Answer 2

3.5 - 5mmol/L

Question 3

What is the average concentration of Ca2+?

Answer 3

2.2 - 2.6mmol/L

Question 4

What is the average concentration of Glucose for non fasting and fasting?

Answer 4

Fasting = 3.5 - 6mmol/L
Non-Fasting = 3.5 - 8mmol/L

Question 5

What is the average pH of the body?

Answer 5

7.35 - 7.45

Question 6

What is the average body temperature?

Answer 6

36 - 37.5 Degrees Celsius

Question 7

What is the average osmolarity?

Answer 7

275 - 300 mosmol/L

Question 8

What are the 2 passive simple membrane channels for diffusion?

Answer 8

• Membrane channels - may open and close spontaneously (leak channels) or in response to various stimuli (ligand gated) or change in membrane potential (voltage gated).
• Carrier Mediated Passive Transport - Substances bind to one end of the membrane which causes the carrier to change shape and release the substance to the other side.

Question 9

What is Primary Active Transport and what are the types?

Answer 9

Primary Active Transport uses ATP in order to move substances against the concentration gradient. e.g. sodium potassium pump (3 Na+ for 2 K+)

Question 10

Define: hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions.

Answer 10

Hypertonic - Causes cell to shrink

Hypotonic - Causes cell to swell

Isotonic - No change on cell

Question 11

What is osmosis?

Answer 11

Shift of fluid to where there is a higher solute concentration.