Lecture 2 Flashcards
discovery of nutrients
scurvy experiments, lemons and oranges cured it
DRI
average amount of energy of nutrients individuals should consume PER DAY to stay healthy
why do we need to stay healthy
reduces risk of chronic diseases, prevents under or over nutrition, supports health when nutritional needs are altered
nutrient intake recommendations
EAR, RDA, AI, UL
energy intake recommendations
EER, AMDR
EAR
estimated average requirement
RDA
recommended daily allowance
AI
adequate intake
UL
tolerable upper level intake
EER
estimated energy requirement
AMDR
acceptable macronutrient distribution range
EAR definition
estimating the needs of populations, must meet a 50% threshold
RDA definition
adding 2x the standard deviation to the EAR, meets about 97% of the needs of the population
UL definition
set well above the needs of the population, estimates the maximum level of intake unlikely to pose toxicity
AI definition
used when scientific evidence is insufficient, set by observational intake by healthy individuals
two types of DRI’s
nutrient intake recommendations and energy intake recommendations
EER definition
average dietary energy intake to maintain energy balance
EER calculation
total energy expenditure + energy deposition
total energy expenditure
thermic affect of food, basal metabolic rate, thermoregulation
energy deposition
sex, age, physical activity levels, growth, lactation
AMDR definition
expressed as a percentage, total energy intake from macronutrients
AMDR recommendations
45-60% : carbs, 20-35%: fat, 10-35%: protein
DGA
dietary guidelines for americans, detailed report for professionals, goals are to promote health, prevent chronic disease, and provide tools to monitor food intake
my plate
a nutritional guide for the general public to monitor food intake per meal
what effects fertility status
genetic disorders, environment, biological/anatomical issues, age, behavior
fertility
actual production of children
fecundity
biological capacity to produce children
infertility
difficulties to conceive children, repeated pregnancy losses
abnormal hormone production
impacts fertility status, conditions that impact: hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary, testes, adipose tissue, protein synthesis
hormone imbalance effects
menstrual cycle, ovulation, sperm production, integrity of eggs and sperm
estrogen
Increases bloody supply in endometrium;
Triggers release of GnRH, LH, FSH
progesterone
Prepares endometrium for pregnancy; Allows
fertilization to occur; Prepares uterus for
implantation; Decrease maternal immune
response at implantation
FSH
Stimulates production of estrogen, maturation
of follicles
GnRH - females
Stimulates production of FSH, LH
LH - men
Triggers ovulation (release of egg); Stimulates
production of progesterone
testosterone
sperm production
GnRH - men
stimulates LH production
LH - men
stimulates testosterone production
