Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is the cell membrane made of?
phospholipid bilayer, membrane proteins, membrane carbs
Example sentence: The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, membrane proteins, and membrane carbohydrates.
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
a barrier to water soluble molecules and ions
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What is the membrane protein role?
within the bilayer and they allow passage to certain molecules by slow or simple diffusion
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What are the different types of membrane proteins?
transport proteins, receptor proteins, enzymes, anchoring proteins
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What are the transport protein types?
non gated channel protein: open channel that allows water and ion movement in and out of cell by diffusion. Gated channel protein: channel can be open or closed / carrier protein- binds to solutes and shuttles them across membrane and uses facilitated movement and active transport
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What is active transport vs. Facilitated movement?
pump particles against their concentration with atp / uses diffusion to shuttle particles across membrane in particle specific proteins
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What do receptor proteins require to become activated?
requires a specific ‘ligand’ to bind to protein for reaction to occur
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What are enzymes?
occur on either side of the bilayer and controls chemical reactions with substances
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What are anchoring proteins?
joins neighbouring cells by cytoskeleton using desmosomes, tight junctions, and gap junctions
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What are membrane carbohydrates?
on the extracellular side on only glycoprotein and glycolipids for cell recognition
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What is passive membrane transport?
no energy required for particle movement
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What are the types of passive diffusion?
simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, carrier meditated transport, osmosis, osmosis pressure
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What is simple diffusion?
particle movement across membrane with no protein needed
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What is facilitated diffusion?
particle movement using channel protein
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What is carrier mediated transport?
moves charged, polar and large particles
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What is osmosis?
solvent movement (not solute)
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What type of solvent is able to cross the membrane?
water
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What are the two ways water crosses the membrane?
Aquaporin channels or directly across the
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What is osmosis pressure?
pressure that prevents water movement across membrane. A high [solute] = high osmotic pressure
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What is tonicity?
cell behaviour in solution and is very dependent on the [solute] and permeability
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What is hypertonic solution?
solution is more concentrated than cytoplasm of cell making water leave cell to shrivel up
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What is isotonic solution?
same concentration making no net movement of water
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What is hypotonic solution?
less concentrated than cytoplasm of cell and water moves in to make both concentrations equal and swell up
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What is membrane transport in general?
the concentration of fluid regulation using concentration differences
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What consists of the blood solute concentration?
intercellular fluid (external space) and intracellular fluid (within cell)
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What is bulk flow?
the fluid pressure within vessel due to pressure gradient
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What is hydrostatic pressure?
fluid pressure pushing against walls
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Absorption vs filtration?
movement of fluid into blood/ movement of fluid out of blood
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What is active transport?
moves solutes against the concentration gradient and required a protein carrier
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Primary active transport vs. Secondary active transport?
uses atp directly to move solutes/ uses stored in concentration gradient
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What is vesicle transport?
transports substances within a membrane inside the cell
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Endocytosis vs exocytosis?
movement of substances into cell / movement of material exported out of cell
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Phagocytosis vs. Pinocytosis?
ingest “eat” large items into cell / cell drinking bringing into vesicle
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What stuff is excreted in exocytosis?
hormones, enzymes, neurotransmitters
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What ion does exocytosis dependent on?
calcium
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