Lecture 2 Flashcards
Education
What are the three reasons why education became compulsory?
- to reduce racial differences
- training for jobs
- give way to a more democratic population
what is the result of combining all the sociological theories?
a more well-rounded view of the world
what are ideal types?
finding commonalities within the same category of something to create the ideal understanding of that category
what are the four main points of structural functionalism?
- human behaviour is guided by stable patterns in society
- social structures can either maintain or undermine social stability
- social structures are based on shared values
- most social problems can be solved by establishing a balance
what is a macro theory?
theory concerned with the overall picture or societal view of something
what are the three main functions of the education system?
- selection/sorting
- socialization
- job training
what does meritocracy mean?
judging people based on their skill rather than things they can not control like their race or gender
what are manifest functions?
when the reason for doing something is intentional
what is human capital theory?
theory argues that education is necessary to improve the economy
what is socialization?
understanding norms through socialization
what does bourgeoisie mean?
refers to the people considered very wealthy and powerful
what does proletariat mean?
refers to those considered very poor
what are the four principles of conflict theory?
- focus on the relationship between socioeconomic classes
- patterns of inequality produce social stability or change
- privilege groups want to maintain advantages and poorer groups struggle to increase theirs
- lowering privilege will increase welfare
what is conflict theory?
theory focusing on social inequality
what is equality of opportunity?
all individuals have the same ability to access resources
what is equality of condition?
considered people’s conditions in wanting equal access to resources
what is equality?
when everyone endures the same treatment
what is equity?
when everyone has the help they need to make things as fair as possible
what is overt discrimination?
a clear attempt to discriminate someone
what is subtle discrimination?
discrimination based on the structure of society
what is social capital?
refers to one’s social network
what is economic capital?
refers to one’s economic resources like money
what is cultural capital?
refers to one’s taste and preferences
what are latent effects?
undesirable results not produced by intention
what does hidden curriculum mean?
lesson taught unintentionally in school like obeying authorities
what is micro-sociology?
concerned with the meanings and interactions between a small group of people
what are the four principles of symbolic interactionalism?
- interaction on a micro level
- interaction requires an understanding of subjective meaning
- people help create their social circumstances
- Validate unpopular views
what is labelling theory?
labelling something is based on how it is used
what are the consequences of students experiencing the pressure of needing to succeed in education?
- lower self esteem
- grade chasing
- lower sense of mastery
what is a growth mindset?
seeing our failures as something to learn from
