Lecture 2

Question 1

What is an Emergent property?

Answer 1

A property that a collection or complex system has but the individual members do not have

example: one atom is not an emergent property, many atoms are an emergent property

Question 2

What do our emergent properties as humans adults do?

Answer 2

They make us unique despite our genetic similarity to eachother and other species.

For example we are 99.9% alike as humans but our emergent properties make us different.

Question 3

What are the 7 characteristics of life?

Answer 3

1. responsiveness to the environment
2. growth and change
3. ability to reproduce
4. have a metabolism and breathe
5. maintain homeostasis
6. being made of cells
7. passing traits onto offspring

Question 4

What does the CCN do?

Answer 4

-Coordinates our functions

-Controls and processes information flow in the adult human

-Is the focal point of health in the adult human

Question 5

What are the 4 components of the CCN which all interact?

Answer 5

-The central nervous system

-The peripheral nervous system

-The endocrine system

-The support and defense system

Question 6

What does the central nervous system include?

Answer 6

The brain and spinal cord

Question 7

What does the peripheral nervous system include?

Answer 7

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 8

Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary? Give an example.

Answer 8

Voluntary. For example scratching an itch

Question 9

Is the autonomic nervous system voluntary or involuntary? Give an example.

Answer 9

involuntary. For example, digesting food

Question 10

What does the endocrine system include?

Answer 10

Endocrine tissues, exocrine glands and hormones

Question 11

What does the support and defense system include?

Answer 11

Support, movement, maintenance, repair, adaptation, defenses (specific and non-specific)

Question 12

What are the properties of the CCN?

Answer 12

-Controls and coordinates the function of all physiological systems and individual organs, including itself

-It’s always on, never off

-It’s distributed throughout the entire body

-Each component of network has multiple functions; network has redundancy

-Information flow within the network via chemical-based, cell-cell communication (everything interacts on a chemical basis)

Question 13

What are the 3 inputs of the CCN?

Answer 13

Genetics, Environment and Lifestyle

Question 14

Which input is unique to humans?

Answer 14

Lifestyle

Question 15

What are the 7 outputs of the CCN?

Answer 15

Emotional

Cognitive and intellectual

Environmental

Professional and vocational

Physical

Social

Spiritual

Question 16

What does aging and disease represent about the CCN?

Answer 16

Compromised function or structure of the CCN

Question 17

For the following diseases, which portion of the CCN is functioning abnormally?

Diabetes, atherosclerosis

Answer 17

Endocrine, support and defence system

Question 18

For the following diseases, which portion of the CCN is functioning abnormally?

Cancer, autoimmune disease

Answer 18

Support and defence

Question 19

For the following diseases, which portion of the CCN is functioning abnormally?

Depression, ADHD

Answer 19

Central nervous system

Question 20

For the following consequences of aging, which portion of the CCN is functioning abnormally?

Impaired memory, Alzheimers

Answer 20

Central nervous system

Question 21

For the following consequences of aging, which portion of the CCN is functioning abnormally?

Diminished touch sensitivity

Answer 21

Peripheral nervous system

Question 22

Impaired wound healing capacity

Answer 22

Support and defense

Question 23

What are the 4 parts of P4 medicine?

Answer 23

1. Personalized - directed towards individual
2. Predicitive - using understanding, predicts risks for individual
3. Preventive - can apply preventive medicine
4. Participatory - get humans to follow through with their health care and not neglect it