Lecture 2 Flashcards
Define anatomy
is the study of structure
Define physiology
is the study of function
Define gross anatomy
Structures that can be seen with the unaided eye
• various sub-disciplines of gross anatomy
What are the 3 subdisplines of gross anatomy
• Comparative anatomy
Developmental anatomy
Embryology
Define • Comparative anatomy
Examines similarities and differences in anatomy of
species
Define Developmental anatomy
• study of structure changes within an individual from
conception through maturity
Define Embryology
• study of developmental changes occurring prior to birth
What are the major levels of organisation in the human body
Atoms Molecules Cells Tissue Organs Systems Organism
What are the 11 organ systems of the body
Skeletal system Integumentary system Muscular system Endocrine system Nervous system Cardiovascular system Respiratory system Digestive system Lymphatic system Male reproductive system Female reproductive system Urinary system
What are the organs of the skeletal system
Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments
Tendons
What are the organs of the Integumentary system
Skin
Hair
Nails
Exocrine glands
What are the organs of the muscular system
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
What are the organs of the endocrine system
Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Pineal gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Thymus Adrenal gland Pancreas
What are the organs of the nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord
What are the organs of the Cardiovascular system
Heart
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
What are the organs of the Respiratory system
Nose Mouth Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Lungs
What are the organs of the digestive system
Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Pancreas Liver Gallbladder Small intestine Large intestine Anus
What are the organs of the Lymphatic system
Bone marrow Spleen Thymus gland Lymph nodes Tonsils
What are the organs of the Male reproductive system
Penis Scrotum Testicles Vas deferens Prostate Urethra
What are the organs of the Female reproductive system
Uterus Ovaries Fallopian tubes Cervix Vagina
What are the organs of the urinary system
Kidneys Renal pelvis Ureters Bladder Urethra
What is the anatomic position
the standard universal position for comparing structures
Characteristics of the anatomic position
- Standing upright
- Feet parallel and on the floor
- Head level and looking forward
- Arms at side of body
- Palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from body
What are the 3 anatomic planes
Coronal
Transverse plane
Midsagittal plane
Describe the coronal plane
divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts
Describe the transverse plane
divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts
Describe the midsagittal plane
divides the body into equal left and right halves
Define anterior
toward the front surface
Define posterior
toward the back surface
Define dorsal
at the back side of the human body
Define ventral
at the belly side of the human body
Define superior
closer to the head
Define inferior
closer to the feet
Define caudal
at the rear or tail end
Define cranial
at the head end
Define medial
toward the midline of the body
Define lateral
away from the midline of the body
Define deep
on the inside, underneath another structure
Define superficial
on the outside
Define proximal
closer to point of attachment to trunk
Define distal
furthest from point of attachment to trunk
Axial define
head, neck, and trunk (the vertical axis of the body)
Appendicular define
upper and lower limbs (appendages)
