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BMS101 > Lecture 10 and 11(muscles) > Flashcards

Lecture 10 and 11(muscles) Flashcards

1
Q

List the 4 unique properties of muscle tissue

A

Excitability
Contractility
Elasticity
Extensibility

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2
Q

Explain excitability

A

Muscle cells are responsive to input from stimuli

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3
Q

Explain Contractility

A

Stimulation of muscle fibre can lead to contraction and shortening of the muscle fibre

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4
Q

Explain elasticity

A

A contracted muscle cell can return to resting length when applied tension is removed

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5
Q

Explain Extensibility

A

The ability of a muscle fibre to be stretched beyond its resting length

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6
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscle tissue

A
  • Body movement
  • Maintenance of posture
  • Temperature regulation
  • Storage and movement of materials
  • Support
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7
Q

Describe the levels of organization in a skeletal muscle

A

Muscle

Fascicles are a bundle of muscle fibres

Muscle fibres
contain myofibrils

Myofibrils are composed of myofilaments

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8
Q

How are muscles attached to other body structures

A

At the ends of each muscle all of the connective tissue merge to form a tendon which attaches the muscle to bone, skin or another muscle

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9
Q

Where are muscles attached to other body structures

A

Most muscles extend over a joint and have attachments to

both articulating bones of that joint

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10
Q

What are the three types of muscles in the human body

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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11
Q

Describe skeletal muscle

A

Attached to bones or sometimes skin

Striated

Voluntary

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12
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A

Found within heart wall

Striated

Involuntary

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13
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A

Found in the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels

No striations

Involuntary

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14
Q

Appearance skeletal

A

Long cylindrical fibre

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15
Q

Appearance cardiac

A

Short branched cell

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16
Q

Appearance smooth

A

Spindle shaped cell

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17
Q

Name the four organizational patterns in fascicles.

A

Circular
Parallel
Convergent
Pennate

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18
Q

Describe skeletal muscle fibre organisation

A

Muscle fibres are organised into fascicles within a muscle

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19
Q

How are muscle named, name the different criteria’s

A
  • Muscle action
  • Specific body regions
  • Muscle attachments
  • Orientation of muscle fibres
  • Muscle shape and size
  • Muscle heads/tendons of origin
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20
Q

What are the muscle of facial expression

A

Orbicularis oris

Orbicularis oculi

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21
Q

Describe orbicularis oris/function

A

compresses and purses lips

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22
Q

Describe Orbicularis oculi

A

closes eye lids; winking, blinking, squinting

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23
Q

What are the muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis, Masseter

Pterygoid muscles

Buccinator

24
Q

Describe Temporalis, Masseter/function

A

masticatory muscles, elevates mandible

25
Q

Describe Pterygoid muscles/function

A

side to side movement during chewing

26
Q

Describe buccinator/function

A

helps push food onto the teeth during chewing

27
Q

What are the muscles of the neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid

28
Q

Describe Sternocleidomastoid/function

A

= lateral flexion and rotation; bilateral flexes neck

29
Q

What are the 3 groups that the erector spinae muscles organised into

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

30
Q

Describe Iliocostalis

A

Most lateral group composed of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
parts

31
Q

Describe Longissimus

A

Composed of capitis, cervical, and thoracic parts

32
Q

Describe Spinalis

A

Most medial group inserting onto the spinous processes of vertebrae; composed of cervical and thoracic parts

33
Q

What is the overall function of the muscle of the vertebral column

A

Involved in extending neck and
vertebral column, and maintaining
posture

34
Q

What are the muscles of respiration

A
  • External intercostals
  • Internal intercostals
  • Transverse thoracis
  • Scalenes
  • Diaphragm
35
Q

Describe External intercostals

A

Elevates ribs during inhalation

36
Q

Describe Internal intercostals

A

Depresses ribs during forced exhalation

37
Q

Describe Transverse thoracis

A

Depresses ribs during exhalation

38
Q

Describe Scalenes

A

elevate the ribs (1 & 2) during forced inhalation

39
Q

Describe Diaphragm

A

The major muscle of respiration

Contraction and relaxation cause an increase and decrease in the vertical dimensions of the thoracic cavity

40
Q

Describe external oblique

A

Most superficial lateral muscle; directed inferomedial

41
Q

Describe internal oblique

A

Middle of three lateral muscles; directed at right angle to

external oblique

42
Q

Describe transverse abdominis

A

Deepest of three lateral muscles; directed

horizontally

43
Q

Describe rectus abdominis

A

Anterior muscle connecting sternum to pubic bone;

divided into four muscle segments

44
Q

Describe unilateral action

A

lateral flexion/rotation of vertebral column

45
Q

Describe bilateral action

A

flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall;

forced exhalation

46
Q

Glenohumeral joint muscles(origin on the axial skeleton

A

Latissimus dorsi

Pectoralis major

47
Q

Describe Latissimus dorsi

A

extends shoulder; adduction and medial rotation of the

shoulder

48
Q

Describe Pectoralis major

A

flexes shoulder; adduction/medial rotation at the

shoulder

49
Q

Glenohumeral joint muscles(origins on the scapula)

A 
Deltoid
Teres major
Triceps brachii
Biceps brachii
Rotator cuff muscles
50
Q

Describe deltoid

A
  • fibres in 3 directions (flexion; abduction; extension)
51
Q

Describe teres major

A

extension, adduction and medial rotation

52
Q

Describe triceps brachii

A

extension of the shoulder and elbow joint

53
Q

Describe biceps brachii

A
  • flexion of the shoulder and elbow joint
54
Q

Describe rotator cuff muscles

A
  • stabilise the shoulder joint
55
Q

Flexors of the forearm

A
  • Biceps brachii - primer flexor
  • Brachialis
  • Brachioradialis
56
Q

Extensors of the forearm

A

Triceps brachii - prime extensor

BMS101 (8 decks)

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