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BMS101 > Lecture 13 and 14(respiratory) > Flashcards

Lecture 13 and 14(respiratory) Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the conducting zones of the respiratory system

A

Conducting zones

Passageway, transports air
From nose to terminal bronchioles

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2
Q

Components of the respiratory zones of the respiratory system

A

Respiratory zones

Small airways dedicated to gas exchange

From respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

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3
Q

Describe the function of the respiratory system

A

Breathing, involve both inhalation and exhalation

Sound production

Defence

Olfaction

Gas conditioning(warmed,humidified,cleansed)

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4
Q

Describe organisation of upper respiratory tract organs

A

Nose and nasal cavities
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx

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5
Q

Functions of nose

A

Main conducting airway for inhaled air

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6
Q

Describe the structure of nose

A

Supported by paired nasal bones superiorly that form the bridge of the nose.

Supported anteroinferiorly from the bridge by the fleshy
cartilage.

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7
Q

Function of paranasal sinueses

A

spaces make the bones lighter in weight

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8
Q

Structure of paranasal sinuses

A

. Frontal
. Ethmoidal
. Sphenoidal
. Maxillary

Contain paired air spaces

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9
Q

Structure of pharynx

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
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10
Q

Function of nasopharynx

A

Conducts air

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11
Q

Function of oropharynx

A

Conducts air

Serves as passageway for food and drink

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12
Q

Function of laryngopharynx

A

Conducts air

Serves as passageway for food and drink

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13
Q

Structure of nasopharynx

A

Posterior to nasal cavity

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14
Q

Structure of oropharynx

A

Posterior to the oral cavity

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15
Q

Structure of laryngopharynx

A

Posterior to level of cricoid cartilage in larynx

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16
Q

Structure of lower respiratory tract(conduction portion)

A
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles - terminal
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17
Q

Structure of lower respiratory tract(respiratory portion)

A

. respiratory bronchioles
• alveolar ducts
• alveoli

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18
Q

Function larynx

A

Conducting: Air produces sound

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19
Q

Function trachea

A

Conducting air

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20
Q

Function bronchi

A

Conducting air

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21
Q

Function bronchioles

A

Conducting air

Smooth muscle in walls allow for bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation

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22
Q

Function respiratory bronchioles

A

Respiratory: gas exchange

23
Q

Function alvelolar ducts

A

Respiratory: gas exchange

24
Q

Function alveoli

A

Respiratory: gas exchange

25
Q

Structure of Larynx

A

Connects pharynx to trachea

Supported by a framework of cartilages, ligaments, and
muscles

26
Q

Structure trachea

A

Supported by C-shaped
tracheal cartilages

Inferior to the larynx, superior to the primary bronchi, and anterior to the oesophagus

27
Q

Structure bronchi

A

They reside within the substance of the lungs

The trachea branches into left and right primary bronchi at the carina.

28
Q

Structure bronchioles

A

less than 1 mm in diameter

Their walls are composed of a relatively thick layer of smooth
muscle

29
Q

What is bronchoconstriction

A

Contraction of the smooth muscle results in a narrowing of

the bronchioles

30
Q

What is bronchodilation

A

Relaxation of the smooth muscle results in a widening of the

bronchioles

31
Q

Structure of alveolar ducts

A

Alveolar ducts end with small saccular outpocketings called alveoli(little cavity)

32
Q

Structure of respiratory bronchioles

A

Respiratory bronchioles branch into alveolar ducts

33
Q

Characteristics of the respiratory membrane

A

• It is the diffusion barrier across which respiratory gases are
exchanged between the blood and the air in the alveoli.

34
Q

What does the respiratory membrane consist of

A

. plasma membrane of the type I alveolar cell
• plasma membrane of the capillary cell
• fused basement membrane of both cells

35
Q

Function of pleura

A

To allow optimal expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing

Protects and cushions lungs

36
Q

Structure of pleuara

A

A serous membrane which folds back onto itself to form a two-layered membrane structure

37
Q

Describe visceral pleura

A

Visceral pleura tightly adheres to the outside of the lung

38
Q

Describe parietal pleura

A

Parietal pleura lines the pleural cavity itself

39
Q

Structure of lungs

A

Conical in shape

has a base inferiorly that rests on the diaphragm

an apex that is the superior most portion of the lung

40
Q

Strcture left lung

A

Slightly smaller than right lung

Has an oblique fissure that divides the lung into two lobes
superior and inferior lobes

41
Q

Structure right lung

A

Has two fissures, oblique and horizontal fissures that divide the lung into three lobes

(superior, middle and inferior lobes)

42
Q

Blood supply to and from lungs(1)- pulmonary circualtion

A

The pulmonary circulation conducts blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs.

43
Q

Blood supply to and from lungs(2) - bronchial circulation

A

• The bronchial circulation is a component of the systemic

circulation that delivers blood directly to and from the bronchi and bronchioles.

44
Q

Function of pulmonary ventilation

A

is the movement of air into and out of the respiratory system.

Movement of gases follows Boyle’s law.

45
Q

Process of pulmonary ventilation

A

During inhalation, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, intrapulmonary pressure decreases, and air flows into the
lungs.

• During exhalation, the opposite is true

46
Q

Describe vertical

A

movement of the diaphragm

47
Q

Describe lateral

A

—muscles attached to ribs

48
Q

Describe anterior/posterior

A

muscles attached to ribs

49
Q

What are the 3 muscles involved in inhalation and exhalation

A

External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Diaphragm

50
Q

Describe External intercostals

A

elevates ribs during inhalation

51
Q

Describe Internal intercostals

A

—depresses ribs during forced exhalation

52
Q

Describe Diaphragm

A

the major muscle of respiration

53
Q

Describe inhalation process during respiration(thoracic wall dimension changes)

A

Diaphragram contracts, vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity increase

Ribs are elevated and the thoracic cavity widens

Inferior portion of the sternum moves anteriorly

54
Q

Describe the exhalation process during exhalation(thoracic wall dimension changes)

A

Diaphragm relaxes, vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity narrow

Ribs are depressed and thoracic cavity narrows

Inferior portion of sternum moves posteriorly

BMS101 (8 decks)

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