Lecture 19: Reptiles Flashcards
1
Q
What changed from amphibians?
A
- more efficient heart
- breathe through lungs only
- must conserve water
- 4 chambered heart
- 2 circuits
- intertwined pulmonary and systemic systems
2
Q
The amniotic egg
A
- egg surrounded by extra embryonic membranes
- has external shell (brittle or leathery)
- fairly impermeable to water
- not present in theria mammals
3
Q
Consequences of a terrestrial egg
A
- internal fertilization (sperm cant enter egg)
2. non-toxic nitrogenous waste product is required
4
Q
Excretory products
A
- salts, ions
- water
- fecal matter
- nitrogenous wastes
5
Q
Ammonia
A
- very toxic
- needs to be diluted
- soluble in water
ex. ray finned fishes, aquatic inverts, larval amphibians
6
Q
Urea
A
- not very toxic
- soluble in water
- less water needed for disposal
ex. cartilaginous fish, adult amphibians, mammals
7
Q
Uric Acid
A
- not very toxic
- insoluble in water
- little water needed for disposal
ex. insects, birds, reptiles
8
Q
The kidney
A
used to regulate water levels and dissolved solutes in the blood
9
Q
Non- avian reptiles
A
- mostly terrestrial
- dry skin, scales
- first amniotes
- arose during Carboniferous
10
Q
Testudinia
A
• turtles and tortoises
- have changed very little
- dorsal and ventral plates form shell
- human exploitation has resulted in declination of population
11
Q
Lepidosaura
A
- Squamatas: lizards & snakes
- Tutaras: resemble lizards
- Crocadillia
12
Q
Squamata
A
• Lizards: - highly diverse - some lost legs • Snakes - no limbs - highly kinetic skull - vomeronasal organ • Amphisbaenia - limbs girdle, much reduced - eyes reduced, no ear opening - scales fused into rings (annuli) encircling the body
13
Q
Tutaras
A
- have skin covered with horny scale
- gas exchange through lungs
- only in new Zealand (endangered)
- no external ears
- nocturnal
- well developed partial eye (senses light)
14
Q
Crocadillia
A
• Crocodiles
- spend most time in water
- build nest on land or on floating piles of vegetation
