Lecture 19 - Female Genital Tract Flashcards
Biopsy Classifications
CIN = Cervical Intraepithelia Neoplasia
CIN I - Mild dysplasia
CIN II - Moderate dysplasia
CIN III - Severe carcinoma and carcinoma in situ
Condyloma
- a viral change that HPV produces
- low risk HPV can produce different types: genital warts, flat condylomas (invisible w.out aid of pigment)
LGSIL
- low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
- corresponds with CIN I or flat condyloma
- likely to regress
HGSIL
- high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
- corresponds with CIN II and CIN III
- more likely to progress to carcinoma
Endometriosis
- presence of endometrial glads that line the uterine cavity are found in other areas other than the endometrial caivty
- repeated bleeding can produce cyctic areas (cysts)
- can be present anywhere in pelvis (surface of ovary most common)
- effects 10% of women in reporductive years and 50% of women with infertility
- possible causes: regulation of mestruated endometrium; metaplasia, and blood/lymphatic spread
- clincially = scarring, pain, dysuria, dysmenorrhea infertility
Adenomyosis
- similar to endometriosis, just confined to uterus wall
- presence of endometrium and stroma down in myometrium (where only muscle tissue should be)
- causes enlargement of uterine wall
- typically aren’t cystic
- Cause: menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain
Menorrhagia
- dysfunctional uterine bleeding caused by endometriosis, adenomyosis, or endometrial hyperplasia
- prolonged or heavy bleeding during menstration
Metrorrhagia
- irregular bleeding between periods
- dysfunctional uterine bleeding caused by endometriosis, adenomyosis, or endometrial hyperplasia
Fibroids
- aka leiomyoma (leio= smooth, myo = muscle, oma = benign)
- beign smooth muscle tumors (myometrial tumor)
- can be subserosal, intramural, or submucosal
- typically occur in multiples
- Cause: bleeding, infertility, pain, and pressure
Physiologic Ovarian cysts
- natural cysts of ovary, due to fluid trapped in cavity where ovum was released.
- more common reason for cysts in ovary
Two types:
1. Follicular cysts
2. Luteal cysts
Follicular cysts
- simple cyst, occurs when microcysts from ovulation build up more fluid and don’t drain/scar as normal (clear fluid)
Luteal cysts
- occurs when PREGNANCY causes cells to change and produce lipids yellow in color
- causes cyst to appear yellow in color, build up in fluid that doesn’t drain/scar as normal
Surface epithelial tumor names
- Serous tumors:
- serous cystadenoma (B)
- serous cystadenocarcinoma (M) - Mucinous tumors:
- mucinous cystadenoma (B)
- mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (M) - Endometrioid tumors (mostly M)
- Brenner tumors (mostly B)
Ovarian teratomas
- common tumor (15-20%) of the ovary from germ cells
- occurs in first two decades of life
- younger the patient the more likely malignant
- most benign
3 Types:
1. Benign (Mature) Cystic teratoma
2. Immature malignant teratoma
3. monodermal teratoma
Benign (Mature) cystic teratoma
- type of ovarian teratoma
- contains derivations of all three germ cell layers
- are cystic and contain skin/epidermal structures - “dermoid cyst”
Immature malignant teratoma
- type of ovarian teratoma
- mostly solid
- mean age = 18 years
Monodermal teratoma
- type of ovarian teratome
- contains one cell line
- Example: struma ovarri - from thyroid, not primary ovarian cells
Chorioamnionitis
- placental pathology
- inflamation of membranes
Funisitis
- placental pathology
- inflammation of umbilical cord
Placenta abruption
- placental pathology
- premature separation of placenta from uterine lining
Placenta previa
- placental pathology
- placenta overlies cervical opening
