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Biochem Exam 2 > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

naturally occurring mineral form of calcium phosphate {Ca5(PO4)3(OH) or stoichiometricCa10(PO4)6(OH)2}. One hydroxyl group can be substituted by carbonate, fluoride, or chloride; is the form of mineral which is found in bone and teeth

A

Hydroxyapatite

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2
Q

the delivery of calcium and phosphate, from outside the tooth, into the enamel lesion, the presence of fluoride favors deposition of mineral onto the demineralized enamel surface

A

Remineralization

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3
Q

involved in transporting many sugars into bacteria; sugars can differ between bacterial groups, mirroring the most suitable carbon sources available in the environment

A

phosphotransferase system (PTS)

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4
Q

T/F: The stronger the acid, the more rapidly caries breaks down material

A

True

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5
Q

refers to the dissolution of tooth enamel and dentin. It starts in the pits, fissure, and interdentinal regions of the teeth, “stagnation areas” from which bacteria are difficult to remove. The extent of caries is measured as the number of teeth diagnosed as decayed, missing, or filled due to caries-DMFT (Levine)

A

Caries

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6
Q

a group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other on a surface. Adherent cells may be embedded within a self-produced matrix of polymeric extracellular substance or slime which also includes DNA, proteins and polysaccharides. Cells within a biofilm can exhibit special phenotypic and symbiotic characteristics

A

Biofilm

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7
Q

developmental problem also termed mottling of teeth which is caused by exposure to excessive concentrations of fluoride (>1ppm)

A

Fluorosis

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8
Q

enamel formation

A

amelogenesis

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9
Q

Sources of bacterial lactic acid

A

Fructose from sucrose, salivary amylase, other bacteria

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10
Q

Production of bicarbonate from carbon dioxide is catalyzed by _______ which is present in saliva and salivary glands

A

carbonic anhydrase enzyme

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11
Q

96% calcium hydroxyapatite crystals; 4% organic materials and water; most highly mineralized tissue in the body; can’t be produced post-natally

A

Enamel

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12
Q

product of odontoblasts and ameloblasts and it bridges these two dissimilar mineral phases; acts as a barrier; must be penetrated in order for decay to progress to the dentin and ultimately to the pulpal chamber.

A

DEJ

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13
Q

T/F: Caries is an infectious bacterial disease that does not show heritability

A

False; shows heritability

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14
Q

antibiotic peptide produced by Strep. Mutans. Class of compounds called lantibiotics

A

Mutacin

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15
Q

T/F: Hydroxyapatite is insoluble in acid

A

False

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16
Q

resistant to digestion with bacterial enzymes dextranase and fructanase

A

structure of mutans

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17
Q

benefit of transforming glucose to glucose-6P is

A

it won’t leak out of cell providing one way concentration of glucose

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18
Q

do not metabolize glucose for energy source but use protein and amino acids instead. These bacteria contribute to the ability of advanced caries to degrade dentin collagen matrix and expand the cavity

A

Asaccharolytic bacteria

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19
Q

attaches bacteria to teeth surfaces; following a carb-rich meal, it digests these carbs to maltose, which is transported into the cytosol similar to fructose-6-phosphate and then metabolized to lactic acid

A

salivary amylase

20
Q

region of pus within teeth or gums usually initiated as a bacterial infection

A

Dental Abscess

21
Q

properties and effects on mineralized tissues like teeth

A

fluoride

22
Q

Does caries occur more commonly with high carb diet or protein?

A

carb

23
Q

can bind to teeth surfaces via salivary proteins in the absence of sucrose; can make glucans and fructans which enhance adherence of Strep. mutans and acid production

A

Actinomyces spp. and viridans species of streptococci

24
Q

typically occurs when bacteria from another part of your body, such as your mouth, spread through your bloodstream and attach to damaged areas in your heart. Left untreated can damage or destroy your heart valves and can lead to life-threatening complications. Treatments include antibiotics and, in severe cases, surgery; is uncommon in people with healthy hearts. People at greatest risk have a damaged heart valve, an artificial heart valve or other heart defects

A

Endocarditis

25
Q

is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake which uses phosphoenolpyruvate as an energy and phosphate source

A

PEP group translocation (phosphotransferase system or PTS)

26
Q

formed after tooth formed as a layer on the root bordering pulp tissue

A

Secondary dentin

27
Q

hydroxyapatite with a hydroxyl group substituted by fluoride atom. Because fluoride is more electronegative than hydroxyl group, it replaces the latter in the hydroxyapatite crystal structure without altering the overall structure, called an isomorphous replacement

A

Fluoroapatite

28
Q

_____ interactions mediate cell-pellicle and cell-cell interactions in the oral cavity

A

carb

29
Q

______ kills bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis

A

pennicillin

30
Q

created in response to stimulus like caries or wear

A

Tertiary dentin

31
Q

transported as fructose-6P where it is phosphorylated to fructose- 1,6-biphosphate and metabolized to lactic acid by glycolysis; lactic acid is excreted but trapped at the tooth surface by the glucan capsule

A

fructose (from sucrose)

32
Q

distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake which uses phosphoenolpyruvate as an energy and phosphate source; multicomponent system always involves enzymes of the plasma membrane and those in the cytoplasm

A

phosphotransferase system (PTS) or PEP group translocation

33
Q

inhibition of demineralization, enhancement of remineralization, inhibition of bacterial enolase activity inhibiting lactase production from ingested carbs

A

fluoride protection against caries

34
Q

The _____ and ______ of teeth also affect saliva access and thus indirectly affect development of caries, e.g., orthodontic treatment.

A

shape and spacing

35
Q

mineral phase of bones and teeth

A

carbonated hydroxyapatite

36
Q

DMFT is

A

decayed, missing, and filled teeth

37
Q

fluoride may become ineffective below a pH of

A

4.5

38
Q

porphyromonas gingivalis is cause of

A

perio disease

39
Q

As the region becomes more acidic, the developing cavity promotes greater colonization by S. mutans and even more acid resistant bacteria, e.g., Lactobacillus ssp.; The latter expand the cavity deeper into dentin; Asaccharolytic bacteria of the oral microbiota induce inflammation and abcesses within the pulp and periapical regions of a tooth affected with untreated late stage dental caries: are developments during

A

advanced caries

40
Q

production/ formation of enamel

A

amelogensis

41
Q

45% hydroxyapatite crystals•33% organic material(collagen, etc)•22% water; can be produced post-natally

A

Dentin

42
Q

related to consumption of high carb diet which are metabolized by plaque, generating lactic acid due to fermentation which demineralizes enamel and exposes underlying dentin

A

Caries

43
Q

Saliva flow over the teeth and its _____ content are a major resistance towards caries

A

bicarbonate

44
Q

differences in the gram-positive composition of supragingival microbial biofilms, dietary carb ingestion, saliva access to teeth surfaces and its flow rate, fluoride in the drinking water and toothpastes, antibodies to Strep mutans in blood and the oral cavity

A

factors determining dental caries severity

45
Q

Bacterial components of dental plaque cause dental caries

A

Strep. mutans, Strep sobrinus, and lactobacilli

46
Q

dental caries usually affects the ______ and _______ of posterior teeth

A

pits and fissures

47
Q

ameloblasts form individual _______ via their tome’s process

A

enamel rods

Biochem Exam 2 (10 decks)

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