Lecture 12

Question 1

treatment of children with growth failure, bone marrow stimulation in diseases resulting in hypoplastic or aplastic anemia, and masculinizing hormone therapy are clinical uses of

Answer 1

androgens

Question 2

mutation in ligand binding domain of GR-alpha. Presented with history of fatigue, anxiety, hyperandrogenism, and hypertension

Answer 2

generalized glucocorticoid resistance

Question 3

has role in the regulation of the metabolism of glucose, synthesis in the adrenal cortex, and has steroidal structure. Binds to its nuclear receptor. Have potent immunosuppressive effects in vivo to block inflammation.

Answer 3

glucocorticoid

Question 4

in much higher doses; oral or inhaled ______ are used to suppress various allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders; inhaled _______ are the second line treatment for asthma

Answer 4

glucocorticoids

Question 5

glucocorticoid/natural steroid hormone produced by the zonula fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar through gluconeogenesis; suppresses immune system and aid in metabolism of fat, protein, and carb; decreases bone formation by causing osteocyte apoptosis

Answer 5

cortisol

Question 6

A characteristic that distinguishes these substances from pure receptor agonists and antagonists is that their action is different in various tissues, thereby granting the possibility to selectively inhibit or stimulate estrogen-like action in various tissues.

Answer 6

Selective estrogen receptor modulators, SERMS

Question 7

_______ hormones are synthesized from cholesterol

Answer 7

natural steroid hormones

Question 8

group of hormones, which belong to a chemical class of compounds known as steroids. Examples include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, progesterone and Vitamin D.

Answer 8

steroid hormones

Question 9

to change gene expression via binding to promoter regions of specific responsive genes

Answer 9

Genomic actions of steroid hormones

Question 10

________ may be used in low doses in adrenal insufficiency

Answer 10

glucocorticoids

Question 11

_____ acts on the adrenal cortex to produce and release cortisol

Answer 11

ACTH

Question 12

synthesis of glucocorticoids is regulated by

Answer 12

corticotrophin releasing hormone

Question 13

T/F: Steroid hormones can’t pass freely through biological membranes

Answer 13

F

Question 14

T/F: Steroid hormones are lipids which are fat soluble

Answer 14

T

Question 15

specific short DNA sequence representing nuclear binding site for estrogen receptor protein and hormone complex

Answer 15

ERE; estrogen response element

Question 16

T/F: Steroid hormones circulate bound to specific binding or carrier proteins and don’t circulate freely

Answer 16

T

Question 17

blocks binding of hormone to its receptor while binding and activating the receptor itself

Answer 17

agonist

Question 18

inhibitory blocker of hormone or agonist binding to its receptor

Answer 18

antagonist

Question 19

a response to receptor binding that does not initially influence gene expression, but involves signaling cascades which may or may not result in gene expression changes

Answer 19

nongenomic action

Question 20

lack of estrogen ________ bone mass density

Answer 20

decreases

Question 21

male sex hormone which works through the testosterone nuclear receptor.Steroid binding protein: protein binder of specific hormone; together the two (binding protein and steroid) circulate as a complex to overcome the insolubility of the steroid hormones in aqueous media like blood plasma. Binding protein is left outside the cell while steroid hormone diffuses thru cell membrane into a target cell.

Answer 21

androgen/testosterone

Question 22

skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture; bone strength primarily reflects the integration of bone quality and bone density

Answer 22

osteoporosis

Question 23

dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenediol, androstenedione, testosterone, 5 alpha- Dihydrotestosterone are all ____

Answer 23

androgens

Question 24

synthesized in adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism of glucose; binds to specific receptors and stimulates transcription of anti-inflammatory proteins and factors

Answer 24

glucocorticoids

Question 25

genome independent actions of steroid hormone on ion channel, transporter, etc.

Answer 25

Non-genomic actions of steroid hormones

Question 26

_______ receptors have been associated with breast cancer and other tumors, control of bone growth, osteoporosis

Answer 26

estrogen

Question 27

serves as the chemical precursor for all steroid hormones

Answer 27

cholesterol

Question 28

______ knock down inflammatory response in periodontitis

Answer 28

glucocorticoids

Question 29

protein receptor with hormone with three binding sites—hormone binding site, trans-activator domain and DNA binding domain

Answer 29

nuclear receptor

Question 30

synthetic variants of testosterone; induce male puberty and treat chronic wasting conditions such as cancer and AIDS

Answer 30

anabolic steroids

Question 31

mutations in the hormone binding region cause absence of hormone binding or qualitative/quantitative changes leading to testicular feminization or Reifenstein syndrome

Answer 31

androgen insensitivity hormone