Lecture 17 Flashcards
What is learning?
acquire new information, process by which experiences change the NS and behaviour
What are memories?
long-term changes in the NS following learning
How do learning/memory impact behvaiour?
possibly through NS plasticity/synaptic plasticity
What are the steps to learning/memory?
encoding (learning)
consolidation (memory)
storage (memory)
retrieval (memory)
What are the two types of stimulus response learning?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
What are the types of learning?
stimulus response learning
motor learning
perceptual learning
relational learning
What is motor learning?
establishes changes within motor systems following a stimulus
requires sensory guidance from the environment
the more novel the behaviour, the greater the modification required in the neural circuits of the brains motor system
What is perceptual learning?
- Ability to learn to recognize stimuli that have been perceived
before - Primary function is to identify and categorize objects and
situations - Accomplished primarily by changes in the sensory association
cortex for each sensory system - For example, animals learn to recognize objects by their visual
appearance, the sounds they make, how they feel, and how they
smell
What is relational learning?
- Learning the relationships among
individual stimuli - E.g. perception of spatial location= spatial learning
What are the two types of memory?
Short term memory
long term memory
What is short-term memory?
contains information from sensory memory only if it is meaningful or salient enough
What is long-term memory?
relatively permanent: last for minutes, hours, days, decades, strengthened with increased retrieval
What are the two major categories of long-term memory?
nondeclarative memory
declarative memory
How is memory consolidated?
sensory information -> short term memory -> long term memory
What is the organization of long-term memory?
long term memory
- non declarative
- classical/operant conditioning
- non-associative learning
- declarative: facts/events
What is pavlovian conditioning?
classical condition: a behavioral process where an organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a biologically significant event
- involves an association betwene two stimuli
What are the terms used in classical conditioning?
Neutral stimulus (NS)
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Unconditioned response (UR)
Conditioned response (CR)
What is the difference between excitatory conditioning and inhibitory conditioning?
Excitatory: CS serves as signal for occurrence of US
Inhibitory: CS indicates omission of US
Draw the neural model
slide 25
