Lecture 16 Flashcards
What are some behavioural tests?
- Learning capacity, memory, and cognitive ability
- Reinforcement and punishment
- Choice, preference and motivation
- Ability to detect and distinguish
- Effects of age and treatment
- Genetic components of behaviour
What is the resident intruder paradigm
a standardized test that measures aggression, defensive behavior, and social stress in animals
What are some examples of aggression in sows?
body lesions in the loose herds
vulva lesions caused by biting
What are some aggressive behaviours seen in rabbits
skin injuries
Is aggression normal?
yes! it can be highly function, as social communication aimed at active control of the social environment
- establishment of territory
- social dominance
- defence of resources
When is aggression most likely?
when the interests of two or more individuals are in conflict
What are the benefits and costs to aggressions?
Benefit: get what you want
cost: consumes a time/energy budget, reduces vigilance for predators, risk of injury
What are some adaptive control mechanisms developed to minimize and control physical aggression?
- threatening behaviour
- taboos
- ritualization
- submission
- reconciliation
- appeasement
What is predatory aggression?
unrelated to the other forms of aggression
attack response is triggered by the presence of a prey object within its visual field
What is fear induced aggression?
aggression induced when an animal is prevented from escape and attacks another animal
What is maternal aggression?
aggression of a mother when it perceives that its offspring is threatened
What is inter-male aggression?
induced when a male is paired with a male of the same species, could be for a variety of reasons: territory, mating, dominance etc.
What is territorial aggression?
induced following the entry of an animal into the domain deemed to be established by another animal = resident intruder model
What is violence?
an injurious form of offensive aggression that is out of control and out of context
- pathological form of offensive behaviour - no longer subject to inhibitory control mechanisms
- has no functional value on social communication
- differs both quantitatively and qualitatively from normal adaptive offensiveness
- may include bites, attacks, at vulnerable body parts
How much sympathetic action is there in predatory aggression?
little
What is defensive behaviour cause an increase in?
sympathetic activation (fight or flight)
- response is impulsive and lacks cortical involvement
