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Neuro > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

4 F’s of limbic system

A

Fighting / aggression
Flight
Feeding
Fucking

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2
Q

Does olfactory sense always go to the thalamus first?

A

no, only sense that doesn’t

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3
Q

Olfactory neurons and their synapses

A

longitudinal striae into limbic system, cortex and thalamus

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4
Q

Anterior olfactory nucleus synapse to

A

contralateral side

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5
Q

Lateral stria fibers project to

A

uncus (actually medial part of amygdala which projects to the thalamus and hippocampus)

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6
Q

Emotional Lability

A

Abrupt mood shifts
Involuntary, inappropriate emotional expression in the absence of subjective emotion
Emotion is triggered by nonspecific stimuli unrelated to the emotional expression.

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7
Q

Motivation

A

Centered in the medial prefrontal cortex and the ventral striatum
Ventral striatum activity is essential for increasing frequency of rewarded behaviors.
Is the reward worth doing what they’re doing?

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8
Q

Delusions

A

Simple delusion is common in delirium, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia.
Complicated delusions occur in schizophrenia and may be medication-induced in Parkinson’s disease

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9
Q

Hallucinations

A

Are sensory perceptions experienced without corresponding sensory stimuli
There’s visual and auditory hallucinations

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10
Q

Mania

A

excessive excitement, euphoria, delusions, and overactivity
Racing thoughts, a disregard for consequences, and energetic behaviors typify mania
Causes include drugs, bipolar disorder, and rarely brain lesions on the right side that affect structures in the behavioral flexibility and control loop.

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11
Q

Depression

A

Is linked to neurotransmitter and neural activity abnormalities rather than to structural abnormalities
People with depression have reduced levels of serotonin metabolites in their cerebrospinal fluid

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12
Q

Anxiety

A

Autonomic system is overactive, skeletal muscles are tense, and the person is excessively alert

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13
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A 
Generalized anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
OCD
PTSD
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14
Q

Panic Disorder

A

An episode of intense fear that begins abruptly and lasts 10 to 15 minutes

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15
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

Is characterized by persistent upsetting thoughts and the use of compulsive behavior in response to the obsessive thoughts

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16
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

A

People with PTSD re-experience the original event in flashbacks or nightmares, avoid stimuli linked to the trauma, and are hyperaroused.

17
Q

how emotions are processed inward (Papez Circuit)

A

from hypothalamus to fornix to Hippocampus

18
Q

how emotions are processed outward (Papez Circuit)

A

hypothamamus to mammillary bodies to anterior thalmamic nuclei

19
Q

Parahippocampal Gyrus

A

The region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval.

20
Q

Ventral prefrontal and anterior temporal lobe

A

social behavior and decision making

21
Q

Structures in the social behavior loop

A

Ventral prefrontal cortex, head of caudate and substantia nigra

22
Q

Amygdala function

A

Fear, anxiety, and risk analysis

23
Q

Klüver-Bucy Syndrome

A

bilateral temporal lobe lesions involving the amygdala

24
Q

stimulation of Lateral hypothalamus

A

aggression, predatory aggression

25
Q

stimulation of Medial hypothalamus

A

changes in expression and personality without anger or aggression

26
Q

anosmia

A

lack of smell

27
Q

hyposmia

A

decrease in smell

28
Q

dysosmia

A

distortion of smell

29
Q

ageusia

A

absence of taste

30
Q

hypogeusia

A

decreased sensitivity of taste

31
Q

dysgeusia

A

distortion of taste

32
Q

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

A

damage to the cortex can result in a focus of hyperexcitable patch of cortex

33
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

dysfunctions/degeneration in the mammillary bodies

34
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy symptoms

A

Confusion
Memory loss
Altered mental status
Gate abnormality

35
Q

Visual hallucinations are typically

A

toxic. think alcohol or drugs

36
Q

Auditory hallucinations are

A

psychotic. think Schizophrenia

37
Q

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

goal orientated and self awareness

38
Q

parietotemporal association

A

sensory integration, problem solving, understanding language

39
Q

ventral and medial prefrontal cortex

A

emotion, motivation and personality

Neuro (14 decks)

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