Lecture 13 Flashcards
Relay nuclei of thalamus
Convey information from the sensory systems (except olfactory), the basal ganglia, or the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex
Association nuclei of thalamus
Process emotional and some memory information
Nonspecific nuclei of thalamus
Regulate consciousness, arousal, and attention
Lateropulsion
Patients with this have difficulty with postural alignment. Their heads will be tilted and they think that is normal. caused by a lesion in posterior thalamus
hypothalamus functions
Maintaining homeostasis
Eating, reproductive, and defensive behaviors
Emotional expression of pleasure, rage, fear, and aversion
Regulation of circadian rhythms
Endocrine regulation of growth and metabolism
Anterior thalamus
Neurons in this area are active during sleep. Serotonin is associated with sleep
Reacts to increasing temperatures
Posterior thalamus
Neurons in this area are active during wakefulness. Orexin neurons are associated with wakefulness.
Reacts to decreasing temperatures
IV orexin
increases feeding behavior. Ventromedial Hypothalamus has a satiety center that decreases feeding upon stimulation
Pineal gland
Secretes melatonin. Regulates circadian rhythms
Anterior Pituitary Gland secretes
Growth hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocortiocotropic hormone (ACTH)
Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin
Posterior pituitary gland secretes
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) oxytocin
Association fibers
Connect cortical regions within one hemisphere, no crossing
Projection fibers: internal capsule
Convey signals from subcortical structures to the cerebral cortex and from cerebral cortex to the spinal cord, brainstem, basal ganglia, and thalamus
Thalamocortical projections
relay somatosensory, visual, auditory, and motor information to the cerebral cortex.
Commissural fibers
Connect homologous areas of the cerebral hemispheres.
Ex. Corpus callosum
