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Neuro > Brainstem > Flashcards

Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

Midbrain cranial nerves (CN)

A

CN III CN IV

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2
Q

Pons CN

A

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

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3
Q

Medulla CN

A

CN IX, X, XI, XII

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4
Q

superior cerebellar peduncles

A

almost exclusively efferent. Efferent axons project via thalamic nuclei to cerebral cortex

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5
Q

middle cerebellar peduncles

A

entirely afferent. Pontine nuclei integrate information from most areas of cerebral cortex

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6
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

Both afferent and efferent. Afferents from spinal cord, vestibular apparatus and inferior olivary nucleus. Efferents project to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation

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7
Q

Tectum (posterior)

A

Tectum includes structures involved in reflexive control of intrinsic and extrinsic eye muscles and in movements of the head

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8
Q

Tectum structures

A

Superior and inferior colliculi, cerebral aqueduct and spinothalamic tract

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9
Q

Tegmentum: Anterior structures

A

Red nucleus, substantia nigra, corticospinal tracts and oculomotor nerve

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10
Q

The postural spinal tracts synapse at the

A

pons

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11
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

Descending tracts from the cerebral cortex

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12
Q

Pretectal area (tectum)

A

Pupillary, consensual, and accommodation reflexes of the eye. Pupil control with light. If you have a problem with tectum, the pupils won’t dilate or constrict

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13
Q

Superior colliculi

A

Reflexive eye and head movements

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14
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

Relay auditory information from the cochlear nuclei to the superior colliculus and to the medial geniculate body of the thalamus

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15
Q

Periaqueductal gray area (tegmentum)

A

Pain suppression
Somatic and autonomic reactions to pain, threats, and emotions
Elicits fight-or-flight reaction
Vocalization during laughing and crying

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16
Q

Two production areas

A

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra

17
Q

Activation of VTA affects

A

cerebral areas, assisting in motivation and decision making.
nucleus accumbens, producing feelings of pleasure and reward

18
Q

Ventral tegmentum neurotransmitter

A

dopamine

19
Q

Pedunculopontine nucleus neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine

20
Q

Raphe nuclei neurotransmitter

A

serotonin

21
Q

Raphe nuclei function

A

Effect on mood
Descending pain inhibition

22
Q

Locus coeruleus and medial reticular zone neurotransmitter

A

Norepinephrine

23
Q

Locus coeruleus function

A

Ability to direct attention
Inhibition of spinothalamic information

24
Q

Medial reticular zone

A

Autonomic functions: respiratory, visceral, cardiovascular

25
Q

Pons

A

Pons processes motor information from the cerebral cortex and forwards the information to the cerebellum

26
Q

Spinal tracts in pons

A

Motor tracts are anterior and sensory are posterior just like the spinal cord

27
Q

Most cranial nerve nuclei are in the dorsal section

A

Hypoglossal nucleus
Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
Solitary nucleus (involved in taste) (CN VII, IX, and X)
Vestibular nuclei
Cochlear nucleus

28
Q

Ventral section

A

Nucleus ambiguus (CN IX and X)

29
Q

Inferior medulla (anterior region)

A

Corticospinal tract form the pyramids (pyramidal decussation)
Dorsal column tracts
Nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus
Decussate to medial lemniscus

30
Q

Medial longitudinal fasciculus location

A

inferior medulla

31
Q

Pyramidal lesions of medulla, what CN would be affected?

A

Oculomotor in the midbrain
Abducens in the caudal pons
Hypoglossal on the medulla

32
Q

Reticular Activating System

A

A diffuse network of nerve pathways in the brainstem connecting the spinal cord, cerebrum, and cerebellum, and mediating the overall level of consciousness.

33
Q

Consciousness

A

Awareness of self and surroundings

34
Q

Consciousness system

A

Governs alertness, sleep, and attention

35
Q

Medical procedures that affect the RAS

A

anesthetics, melatonin and substance abuse

36
Q

Descending reticular pathways

A

Integrates sensory and cortical information
Regulates somatic motor activity, autonomic function, and consciousness
Modulates nociceptive (pain) information

37
Q

Major reticular nuclei are as follows

A

Ventral tegmental area (VTA)
Pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN)
Raphe nuclei
Locus ceruleus and medial reticular area

Neuro (14 decks)

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