Lecture 12 Flashcards
Archicortex
associated with limbic system, including hippocampus
Paleocortex
olfactory system
Neocortex
constitutes ~90% of cerebral cortex
Pyramidal cells
Send output information to other cells
Synapse within cortex
Fusiform cells
Send electrical output information
Stellate (granule) cells
Type of interneuron
Communicate within the cortex and regulate cortex itself
Superficial layers deal with communications ____ the cerebral cortex
within
Deep layers deal with communications ____ the cerebral cortex
To/From
Association projection of superficial layers deal with what type of communication?
Ipsilateral communication. It will relate information within the same hemisphere
Callosal projection of superficial layers deal with what type of communication?
Contralateral communication. It will relate information between the two hemispheres
Primary sensory cortex
Discriminates among different intensities (loud or soft) and qualities (sharp or fluffy) of sensory information. This is where you sense if it hot or cold, sharp or soft, etc
Secondary sensory cortex
Performs more complex analysis of sensation. Where you are able to tell WHAT it is, especially with touch like I’m touching my phone.
Primary motor cortex
Provides descending control of motor output. Before doing something, we send information to postural muscles to prepare. Feedforward
Motor planning areas
Organize movements.
Association cortex
Controls behavior, interprets sensation, and processes emotions and memories.
inferior colliculus
important relay point for auditory information as it travels from the inner ear to the auditory cortex
Primary somatosensory
Discriminates shape, texture or size of objects
primary auditory
Conscious discrimination of loudness and pitch of sounds
Primary visual
Distinguishes intensity of light, shape, size and location of objects
Primary vestibular
Discriminates among head positions and head movements
Secondary somatosensory
Stereognosis and memory of the tactile and spatial environment
Stereognosis
mental perception of depth or three dimensionality. The ability to perceive the form of solid objects by touch
Secondary visual
Analysis of motion, color; control of visual fixation
Secondary auditory
Classification of sounds
Supplementary motor area
Initiation of movement, orientation of the yes and head and planning of bimanual movements
Premotor area
controls the trunk and girdle muscles via the medial upper motor neurons
Association areas
personality, interpretation of sensation, processing of memory, emotions and intelligence
Self awareness
one’s own character, feelings, motives, and desires
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Self awareness and executive functions
Executive functions include
Deciding on a goal
Planning how to accomplish the goal
Executing a plan
Monitoring the execution of the plan
Parietotemporal association cortex
Cognitive intelligence
Problem-solving
Comprehension of communication
Understanding of spatial relationships. Also includes things we don’t see like how far my house is from school.
Ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal association cortex
Impulse control
Personality
Reactions to surroundings
Left hemisphere
Brain smarts like intelligence and calculating
Right hemisphere
Artistic like creativity, drawing and art skills
Five structures recognize emotional stimuli and generate and perceive emotions are
Amygdala Area 25 Mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus Ventral striatum Anterior insula
Working memory
Maintains goal-relevant information for a short time.
Is essential for language, problem-solving, mental navigation, and reasoning.
Declarative memory
Facts, events, concepts, and locations
Refers to recollections that can be easily verbalized
Requires attention during recall
Procedural memory
Refers to the recall of skills and habits.
AKA - skill, habit, nonconscious memory, or implicit memory
Implicit memory
unconscious memory also known as non declarative memory. So like lyrics to a song
Explicit memory
Conscious long term memory, also known as declarative memory. So like remembering details on a test
Wernicke’s area
Comprehension of spoken language
Broca’s area
Production of speech
Correlates words when writing
Receptive aphasia
Damage to Wernicke’s area. Cannot understand spoken language but can hear it. These patients make up words and weird sentences
Expressive aphasia
Damage to Broca’s area. Unable to generate appropriate words but can understand everything
