Lecture 16 Cont: II-IV Flashcards
What is the pathogen, reservoir, and vector of west nile virus?
Pathogen - west nile virus (Flavivirus)
Reservoir - Birds
Vector - Mosquito
How does the west nile virus operate?
invades nervous system and enters blood
high bird mortality but survivors are immune
virus replicates in vector and humans are incidental host
What are the symptoms of west nile virus?
fever and neurological diseases
What is the treatment and prevention for west nile virus?
no antiviral drugs or vaccine
prevention - limit exposure to mosquitos
Where was zika virus first discovered?
Uganda
What kind of pathogen is zika virus? What is its reservoir?
Pathogen - zika virus (flavivirus)
Reservoir - primates
What are some kinds of flaviviruses?
Yellow fever, dengue fever, west nile
How is zika virus transmitted?
mosquito vector or sexual transmission
Why has zika virus been a neglected disease until recently?
80% of cases asymptomatic or mild symptoms
Symptomatic cases usually not bad enough to go to the hospital
-ppl rarely die of zika
What is zika virus linked to?
Brain damage and microcephaly in pregnant women
What is the prevention/treatment for zika virus?
Limit exposure to mosquitoes
no vaccine available
What is the reservoir and transmission for fungal diseases?
reservoir - soil
transmission - exposure/infection
What kinds of effects can fungal diseases have?
Allergic reactions
Mycotoxins - exotoxins produced by fungi
Mycoses - fungal growth on/in human body
What are the types of mycoses?
• Superficial – Infection on surface layers – Spread by contact • Subcutaneous – Infect deeper skin layers – Spread by wound infection • Systemic – Infection of internal organs – Primary vs. Secondary infections
How do you treat mycoses?
– Antifungal compounds
• Topical + Oral
– Side effects common
– Reduce exposure
