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BIO 425: Microbiology > Lecture 1: Introduction and History > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Introduction and History Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is microbiology?

A

Study of microorganisms (microbes)

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2
Q

What is a microorganism?

A

Microscopic single celled organisms that live independently

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3
Q

What are the types of microorganisms?

A

Prokaryotes

  • Bacteria
  • Archaea

Eukaryotes

  • Fungi
  • Algae

Other
-Viruses

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4
Q

What is the study of bacteria?

A

Bacteriology

-No nucleus or organelles

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5
Q

What is the study of fungi?

A

Mycology

  • Saprophytic (feed on decaying material)
  • Important recyclers
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6
Q

What is the study of algae?

A

Phycology

-Photosynthetic organisms that produce oxygen

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7
Q

What is the study of viruses?

A

Virology

-Nonliving and acellular

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8
Q

What are the two fields of microbiology and which examples contain elements of both fields?

A

Basic Microbiology
-Study of natural life processes of microbes

Applied Microbiology
-Use of specific microbes for products & services

Both:
-Genetics, Biochemistry, and Molecular Bio

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9
Q

What methods are used to study microbiology?

A

Laboratory cultures
Molecular Techniques
Microscopy

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10
Q

What kind of media is used to culture microbes?

A

Broth (liquid) and Agar (solid) provide nutrients to grow a culture. Then they are incubated (temperature and gas controlled)

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11
Q

What is a pure culture and how is this accomplished?

A

Pure culture is not contaminated. To achieve this the aseptic technique is used.
-Sterilization of media and equipment using autoclave

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12
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of using laboratory cultures?

A

Advantages

  • Large stock of target organism
  • Biochemical tests and microscopy

Disadvantages
-Many organisms can’t be grown in cultures

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13
Q

What are the types of molecular techniques used to study microbiology?

A

DNA Sequencing

  • Barcoding genes (Unique ID)
  • Functional Genes

Genome Sequencing
-Genetic Blueprint

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14
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of using molecular techniques in studying microbiology?

A

Advantages

  • Access to all microbes
  • Entire Genome in hours

Disadvantages

  • No biochemical tests
  • Microscopy difficult
  • ALOT of data to make sense of (figure out the genome)
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15
Q

Who were the two early pioneers of Microbiology?

A

Robert Hooke
-Discovered microorganisms (1665, fungi)

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
-Disovered bacteria (1684)

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16
Q

What advances in medical microbiology was Louis Pasteur responsible for?

A
  • Sterilization vs. Pasteurization

- Proved spontaneous generation was false

17
Q

What advances in medical microbiology was Joseph Lister responsible for?

A

Introduced antiseptics to hospitals to sterilize equipment and clean wounds

18
Q

What advances in medical microbiology was Robert Koch responsible for?

A
  • Anthrax/Tuberculosis work
  • Germ Theory of Disease
  • Koch’s postulates
19
Q

What are Koch’s Postulates?

A

1) Suspect pathogen in diseased animal but not healthy one
2) Pathogen isolated in pure culture
3) Cultured pathogen causes disease when inoculated into a healthy animal
4) Isolate pure culture of same pathogen from newly infected animal

20
Q

What advances in medical microbiology was Alexander Fleming responsible for?

A

Accidentally discovered Penicillin

21
Q

What advances in molecular microbiology was Kary Mullis responsible for?

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to rapidly copy DNA

22
Q

What advances in molecular microbiology was Watson & Crick responsible for?

A

Discovered structure of DNA leading to genomic revolution

23
Q

What advances in molecular microbiology was Woese & Fox responsible for?

A

Discovery of Archaea

24
Q

What advances in molecular microbiology was Ventor responsible for?

A

First Bacterial Genome

25
Q

What advances in molecular microbiology was Ventor & Collins responsible for?

A

Human Genome

BIO 425: Microbiology (22 decks)

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