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Cells to systems > Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some neurons that send messages to the brain

A

Sensory or

afferent neurons

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2
Q

what are some neurons that send messages out of the brain

A

Motor neurons or

efferent neurons

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3
Q

What are the dendrites for

A

receiving signal, like a root

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4
Q

What is axon for

A

sending signal

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5
Q

what is terminal bulb of a neuron

A

releasing message to another cell

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6
Q

What is the potential different between the neuron and the external body

A

70 - 75 mv

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7
Q

What happens when the membrane potential is polarised

A

the intracellular will have negative potention (5+,10-)

where externally will be (15+, 10-)

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8
Q

What happens when the membrane potential is nerutral

A

intrecellular will be (10+, 10-), extracellular will be (10+, 10-)

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9
Q

What happens to the remainder of the fluid when membrane have serperate charges

A

electrically neutral

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10
Q

What is the extracellular Na+ concentration

A

150

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11
Q

What is the extracellular K+ concentration

A

5

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12
Q

What is the intracellular A- concentration

A

65

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13
Q

What is the intracellular K+ concentration

A

150

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14
Q

What is the intracellular Na+ concentration

A

15

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15
Q

What is the relative permeability of K+

A

25-30

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16
Q

What is the relative permeability of Na+

A

1

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17
Q

What is the relative permeability of A-

A

0

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18
Q

What happens at depolarization

A

the potential spikes up to +30mv

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19
Q

What happens at repolarization

A

Slowly drops back to -70mv or lower

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20
Q

What happens after hyperpolarization

A

recovering to the resting potential of -70mv

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21
Q

What happens when the voltage does not go above the threshold?

A

It will recover back to resting potential

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22
Q

What happens at slow depolarization

A

some Na+ channels open and allow Na+ to enter cell

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23
Q

What happens at neutral state

A

only K+ channels are open to transfer K+ in and out with different channels

24
Q

What happens at depolarisation

A

all Na+ channels will open to allow Na+ to enter while K+ channels remain the same

25
Q

What happens at repolarization

A

Na+ channel gate will close,, K+channels will constantly transfer K+ out and cell interior becomes negative

26
Q

What happens after hyperpolarization

A

constant transfer f=of K+

27
Q

What is refractory period

A

• Minimum time during which the neuron is

unresponsive to further stimulation

28
Q

How many phases does refectory period have

A

2

29
Q

What is phase 1 of refractory period

A

absolute refractory period
Voltage gated Na+ channels have become inactivated and
are incapable of being opened until resting membrane
potential is reached

30
Q

What is phase 2 of refractory period

A

relative refractory period
Some but not all Na+ channels are responsive to further
stimulus and are capable of being partially opened

31
Q

When does absolute refractory phase happen

A

depolarization and initial period of repolarization and after hyperpolarization

32
Q

What does relative refractory period happen

A

all the time except for absolute period

33
Q

can action potential propagation go both direction

A

no

34
Q

Is the action potential propagation strength constant?

A

yes, Constant stimulus strength (self

perpetuating)

35
Q

What is the difference between large and small axon

A

Larger axons propagate action

potentials at faster velocities

36
Q

What is mylination

A

wrapping around a axon called a sheath

37
Q

what does myelination do

A

increases the speed of action potential propagation

38
Q

What is the unmyelinated part call

A

ranvier nodes

39
Q

What does pacinian cause signal

A

signals change in pressure and vibration

40
Q

What does pacinian send signal

A

the higher the magnitude of stimulus the more frequency the depolarization

41
Q

How does intensity of stimulus relate to frequency of AP(action potential)

A 
The intensity of
stimulus is directly
proportional to the
frequency of AP. A
stronger stimulus
generates a greater
receptor potential
which is then
transduced into more
impulses of AP’s per
second
42
Q

What cell have action potential

A

a lot of cells

43
Q

What is the electrochemical equilibrium on K+

A

-90mv

44
Q

What is the electrochemical equilibrium on Na+

A

+60

45
Q

What happen to K+ voltage gated channel during repolarisation

A

The voltage gated K+ channels close slowly causing hyperpolarisation of the membrane prior to returning to resting membrane potential by Na+ - K+ pump

46
Q

How do Na+ go out of cell

A

Na+ K+ ATP pump

47
Q

what is the amount Na+

- K+ pump exchange

A

3Na+ for 2K+

48
Q

What is axon hillock for

A

it is the easier to trigger an action potential

49
Q

Why does the the signal go only in one direction

A

due to the refractory period, all channels will already be opened

50
Q

Why is larger axon faster

A

because there is less restriction

51
Q

How is sensory information converted to a

language that the CNS can understand?

A

be accessory neurons. It will be converted to electrical signal which is then transferred

52
Q

What is hair receptor for

A

hair movement and very gentle touch

53
Q

What is Merkel’s disc:

A

light sustained touch

54
Q

What is pacician corpuscle

A

vibrations and deep pressure

55
Q

What is fuffini endings neurons

A

deep pressure

56
Q

What is Meissner’s corpuscle

A

light, fluttering touch

57
Q

What causes the sodium channels to open in pacinician recepter

A

the compression of the pressure pushes the sodium in

Cells to systems (25 decks)

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