Connective tissues Flashcards
What are the methods to examine tissues
-fixation
-embedding
-sectioning
-staining
Mounting
Example of fixation
Formalin
Example of embedding
Paraffin wax
Example of sectioning size
5 micrometers thick
Examples of staining
Haemetoxylin and eosin (H&E)
What ones eosinophilic
Staining technique that colours the structures pink
What is basophils
Staining structures in blue
What are the types of tissues
Connective tissues, epithelial tissue, Muscular tissues, Nervous tissue
Where are connective tissues used
- Embryonic connective tissue
- connective tissue
- Cartilage
- bone
- blood and lymph
- haemopoietic tissue
What is connective tissue composed of
Cells and extracellular
Where are the one time tissue extracellular material
- amorphous
- fibrous
Amorphous mean
(Shapeless; = ‘ground substance’)
- fluid(blood, lymph)
- jelly-like (vitreous humour)
- solid (cartilage, bone)
What is fibrous
Collagen, retucular, elastic
There are collagen fibres and reticular fibres and elastics fibres
What is collagen fibres
- strong flexible
- white fibrous tissue
- eosinophilic in H&E
- mostly type 1 collagen but variations in specialised tissues
What is characteristics of reticular fibres
- fine network
- poorly stained in H&E, black in reticulum stain
- composed of varying combination of collagens and extracellular matrix glycoprotein
What is the characteristics of elastic fibre
- stretchable, elastic
- yellow, fibrous tissue
- eosinophilic in H&E; black in Verhoeff’s stain
What is the function of connective tissues
- support
- protection
- connections within locomotor systems
- holds tissues together
- energy storage
What is the type of connective tissue property
- Loose (higher ratio of cells to fibres
- adipose (many fat cells)
- dense (lower ratio of cells to fibres (regularly arranged or irregularly arranged)
What are the cells in the connective tissues
mesenchymal cell, fibroblast, fibrocyte, macrophage, fat cells, mast cell, plasma cell and melonocyte
What are the properties of mesenchymal cell
- in embryonic tissues
- stellate (star-shaped) - many cytoplasmic processes
- oval/round nucleus
What does -blast mean,
Cells
What are the properties of fribroblast
- stellate or spindle-shaped
- ovoid nucleus
- abundant basophils cytoplasm
- synthesizes and secrets collagen and other extracellular matrix components
- differentiate into fibrocyte
Characteristics of fibrocyte
- small flatten elongated cell
- elongated nucleus
- very little cytoplasm
- less active in secretion than fibroblast
Characteristics of macrophage
- Large cell
- derived from blood monocyte
- phagocytise cell engulfs particulate matter including microorganisms and dead tissues
- produces lysosomal protease (protein-degrading enzymes), cytokines, prostaglandins (substances that mediate inflammatory reactions
Draw out the process of macrophage
Answer in lecture 2
Characteristics of fat cell (adipocyte)
- accumulate fat droplets in cytoplasm
- fat droplets coalesce to form single large fat droplet, displacing nucleus to side of cell
- energy storage, insulation and protection
Characteristics of mast cell
- scattered, in low numbers in most connective tissues (often close to blood vessels)
- cytoplasm filled with granules containing heparin (anticoagulant), histamine (increases blood vessel permeability ), serotonin (vasoconstrictor) and protease
- degranulate when tissue damaged
What are the characteristics of plasma cell
- B lymphocyte actively producing antibody
- eccentrically placed round nucleus with chromatin radially arranged
- abundant basophils cytoplasm
- negative image (golgi apparatus prominent
What is the characteristics of melanocytes
-pigment cell
