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Cells to systems > Connective tissues > Flashcards

Connective tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the methods to examine tissues

A

-fixation
-embedding
-sectioning
-staining
Mounting

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2
Q

Example of fixation

A

Formalin

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3
Q

Example of embedding

A

Paraffin wax

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4
Q

Example of sectioning size

A

5 micrometers thick

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5
Q

Examples of staining

A

Haemetoxylin and eosin (H&E)

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6
Q

What ones eosinophilic

A

Staining technique that colours the structures pink

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7
Q

What is basophils

A

Staining structures in blue

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8
Q

What are the types of tissues

A

Connective tissues, epithelial tissue, Muscular tissues, Nervous tissue

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9
Q

Where are connective tissues used

A
  • Embryonic connective tissue
  • connective tissue
  • Cartilage
  • bone
  • blood and lymph
  • haemopoietic tissue
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10
Q

What is connective tissue composed of

A

Cells and extracellular

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11
Q

Where are the one time tissue extracellular material

A
  • amorphous

- fibrous

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12
Q

Amorphous mean

A

(Shapeless; = ‘ground substance’)

  • fluid(blood, lymph)
  • jelly-like (vitreous humour)
  • solid (cartilage, bone)
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13
Q

What is fibrous

A

Collagen, retucular, elastic

There are collagen fibres and reticular fibres and elastics fibres

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14
Q

What is collagen fibres

A
  • strong flexible
  • white fibrous tissue
  • eosinophilic in H&E
  • mostly type 1 collagen but variations in specialised tissues
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15
Q

What is characteristics of reticular fibres

A
  • fine network
  • poorly stained in H&E, black in reticulum stain
  • composed of varying combination of collagens and extracellular matrix glycoprotein
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16
Q

What is the characteristics of elastic fibre

A
  • stretchable, elastic
  • yellow, fibrous tissue
  • eosinophilic in H&E; black in Verhoeff’s stain
17
Q

What is the function of connective tissues

A
  • support
  • protection
  • connections within locomotor systems
  • holds tissues together
  • energy storage
18
Q

What is the type of connective tissue property

A
  • Loose (higher ratio of cells to fibres
  • adipose (many fat cells)
  • dense (lower ratio of cells to fibres (regularly arranged or irregularly arranged)
19
Q

What are the cells in the connective tissues

A

mesenchymal cell, fibroblast, fibrocyte, macrophage, fat cells, mast cell, plasma cell and melonocyte

20
Q

What are the properties of mesenchymal cell

A
  • in embryonic tissues
  • stellate (star-shaped) - many cytoplasmic processes
  • oval/round nucleus
21
Q

What does -blast mean,

A

Cells

22
Q

What are the properties of fribroblast

A
  • stellate or spindle-shaped
  • ovoid nucleus
  • abundant basophils cytoplasm
  • synthesizes and secrets collagen and other extracellular matrix components
  • differentiate into fibrocyte
23
Q

Characteristics of fibrocyte

A
  • small flatten elongated cell
  • elongated nucleus
  • very little cytoplasm
  • less active in secretion than fibroblast
24
Q

Characteristics of macrophage

A
  • Large cell
  • derived from blood monocyte
  • phagocytise cell engulfs particulate matter including microorganisms and dead tissues
  • produces lysosomal protease (protein-degrading enzymes), cytokines, prostaglandins (substances that mediate inflammatory reactions
25
Q

Draw out the process of macrophage

A

Answer in lecture 2

26
Q

Characteristics of fat cell (adipocyte)

A
  • accumulate fat droplets in cytoplasm
  • fat droplets coalesce to form single large fat droplet, displacing nucleus to side of cell
  • energy storage, insulation and protection
27
Q

Characteristics of mast cell

A
  • scattered, in low numbers in most connective tissues (often close to blood vessels)
  • cytoplasm filled with granules containing heparin (anticoagulant), histamine (increases blood vessel permeability ), serotonin (vasoconstrictor) and protease
  • degranulate when tissue damaged
28
Q

What are the characteristics of plasma cell

A
  • B lymphocyte actively producing antibody
  • eccentrically placed round nucleus with chromatin radially arranged
  • abundant basophils cytoplasm
  • negative image (golgi apparatus prominent
29
Q

What is the characteristics of melanocytes

A

-pigment cell

Cells to systems (25 decks)

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