Lecture 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Posture

A

alignment of the body parts whether upright, sitting, or lying down
described by the position of the joints/body segments
should be examined in all positions

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2
Q

Good posture

A

protects the supporting structures of the body against injury. muscle function at their most efficient level

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3
Q

Poor posture

A

faulty relationship of the various parts of the body
produces increased strain on the supporting structures
less efficient balance of body over BOS

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4
Q

mechanical stress

A

may be a primary cause of pain
may contribute to recurrences of a painful condition
may be associated w/failure of condition to heal

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5
Q

pain syndromes related to impaired posture

A

repetitive posture deviation

pain from mechanical stress when faulty posture is maintained for prolonged posture

adaptive shortening of soft tissues and muscle weakness

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6
Q

Structural deformity

A

present even at rest

ex: fracture

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7
Q

Functional deformity

A

result of a particular posture and disappears when posture is changed

ex: scoliosis due to short leg

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8
Q

Dynamic deformity

A

caused by muscle action

ex: valgus movement at knee b/c of weak hip abduction

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9
Q

Line of gravity passes through these anatomic structures

A

external auditory meatus
bodies of lumbar vertebrae
slightly posterior to center of hip joint
sacral promontory
slightly anterior to center of knee joint
calcaneocuboid joint

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10
Q

Surface landmarks of line of gravity

A

ear lobe
midway btwn the front and the back of chest
midway thru back and abdomen
through greater trochanter
slightly anterior to midline through knee
slightly anterior to lateral malleolus

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11
Q

Inferior angle scapular dysfunction

A

inferior medial border is prominent at rest
results from anterior tipping of scapula in sagittal plane
rotator cuff impingement

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12
Q

medial border scapular dysfunction

A

entire medial border is posteriorly displaced from thoracic wall
occurs from internal rotation of scapula in transverse plane
GHJ instability

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13
Q

Spine curvatures

A

Cervical = lordosis
Thoracic = kyphosis
Lumbar = lordosis
Sacral = kyphosis

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14
Q

Anterior tilt of pelvis

A

increased lordosis

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15
Q

Posterior tilt of pelvis

A

decreased lordosis

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16
Q

Lumbar Lordotic Curve

A

more weight anteriorly
pulls wall forward
exaggerated lumbar curve

17
Q

Valgus deformity

A

normal angle between tibia and femur in frontal plane is 170-175
<165 = genu valgum. knock knee

18
Q

Varus deformity

A

normal angle between tibia and femur in frontal plane is 170-175
>180 = genu varum, bow legged

19
Q

Genu recurvatum

A

more common in athletes
normal tibia to femur angle in sagittal plane is 180
>180 = recurvatum

20
Q

Pes Planus

A

ankle swoops outwards

21
Q

Pes Cavus

A

ankle swoops inwards

22
Q

Lordotic Posture

A

increases in lumbosacral angle, lumbar lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt
usually have increased thoracic kyphosis and forward head

23
Q

Slouched posture

A

entire pelvic segment is shifted forward
throacic segment is posterior resulting in flexion of thorax on lumbar spine
increased LOWER lumbar lordosis
head forward
hanging on Y ligaments

24
Q

Flat low back posture

A

decreased lumbosacral angle
decreased lumbar lordosis
posterior tilt of pelvis
head forward
UPPER thoracic spine flexed

25
Contributions to deviations in posture
ROM muscle length joint integrity muscle performance environmental factors pain psychological factors neurological factors motor control
26
Lateral view landmarks
<1/3 head of humerus protrudes ant to acromion prox/distal humerus in line vertically inferior angle of scapula is flat against thorax scapula is 30° ant to frontal plane
27
Ant/posterior view landmarks
antecubital crease faces ant, olecranon faces post palms faces body vertebral border of scapula is parallel to spine, 3in from spine spine of scap at T3 vertebral border of scap is against thorax
28
Adam's forward bend test
shoulders asymmetrical prominent shoulder blade visible curve hips asymmetrical waist asymmetrical upper or lower back hump
29
Suboccipital release
decrease muscle tension in preparation for training of the deep neck flexors forearms at rest posterior skull rests on thenar eminences finger tips at C2 level gentle distraction hold position for 3-4 minutes
30
Deep neck flexor activation
activate and control muscles that control cervical retraction/axial extension requires capital flexion, slight flattening of cervical lordosis nodding YES motion chin to throat use towel under occiput for forward head posture to avoid extension minimize sternocleidomastoid contraction
31
Posture correction Cues C-Spine/Thoracic
Shoulder rolls Head retraction
32
Head retraction
draw chin and ears backwards to bring head over neck keep jaw level, don't tip head backwards
33
Shoulder rolls
with arms relaxed, lift shoulders up/back/down put shoulder blades in back pockets
34
Lumbar spine correction, sitting
don't have back on chair slump onto tailbone, rock forward find midpoints between extremes proprioceptive feedback
35
Lumbar spine correction, standing
stand with back against wall, heals close to wall find a midpoint between back touching wall/and low back at a curve haptic input