Lecture 16

Question 1

Posture

Answer 1

alignment of the body parts whether upright, sitting, or lying down
described by the position of the joints/body segments
should be examined in all positions

Question 2

Good posture

Answer 2

protects the supporting structures of the body against injury. muscle function at their most efficient level

Question 3

Poor posture

Answer 3

faulty relationship of the various parts of the body
produces increased strain on the supporting structures
less efficient balance of body over BOS

Question 4

mechanical stress

Answer 4

may be a primary cause of pain
may contribute to recurrences of a painful condition
may be associated w/failure of condition to heal

Question 5

pain syndromes related to impaired posture

Answer 5

repetitive posture deviation

pain from mechanical stress when faulty posture is maintained for prolonged posture

adaptive shortening of soft tissues and muscle weakness

Question 6

Structural deformity

Answer 6

present even at rest

ex: fracture

Question 7

Functional deformity

Answer 7

result of a particular posture and disappears when posture is changed

ex: scoliosis due to short leg

Question 8

Dynamic deformity

Answer 8

caused by muscle action

ex: valgus movement at knee b/c of weak hip abduction

Question 9

Line of gravity passes through these anatomic structures

Answer 9

external auditory meatus
bodies of lumbar vertebrae
slightly posterior to center of hip joint
sacral promontory
slightly anterior to center of knee joint
calcaneocuboid joint

Question 10

Surface landmarks of line of gravity

Answer 10

ear lobe
midway btwn the front and the back of chest
midway thru back and abdomen
through greater trochanter
slightly anterior to midline through knee
slightly anterior to lateral malleolus

Question 11

Inferior angle scapular dysfunction

Answer 11

inferior medial border is prominent at rest
results from anterior tipping of scapula in sagittal plane
rotator cuff impingement

Question 12

medial border scapular dysfunction

Answer 12

entire medial border is posteriorly displaced from thoracic wall
occurs from internal rotation of scapula in transverse plane
GHJ instability

Question 13

Spine curvatures

Answer 13

Cervical = lordosis
Thoracic = kyphosis
Lumbar = lordosis
Sacral = kyphosis

Question 14

Anterior tilt of pelvis

Answer 14

increased lordosis

Question 15

Posterior tilt of pelvis

Answer 15

decreased lordosis

Question 16

Lumbar Lordotic Curve

Answer 16

more weight anteriorly
pulls wall forward
exaggerated lumbar curve

Question 17

Valgus deformity

Answer 17

normal angle between tibia and femur in frontal plane is 170-175
<165 = genu valgum. knock knee

Question 18

Varus deformity

Answer 18

normal angle between tibia and femur in frontal plane is 170-175
>180 = genu varum, bow legged

Question 19

Genu recurvatum

Answer 19

more common in athletes
normal tibia to femur angle in sagittal plane is 180
>180 = recurvatum

Question 20

Pes Planus

Answer 20

ankle swoops outwards

Question 21

Pes Cavus

Answer 21

ankle swoops inwards

Question 22

Lordotic Posture

Answer 22

increases in lumbosacral angle, lumbar lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt
usually have increased thoracic kyphosis and forward head

Question 23

Slouched posture

Answer 23

entire pelvic segment is shifted forward
throacic segment is posterior resulting in flexion of thorax on lumbar spine
increased LOWER lumbar lordosis
head forward
hanging on Y ligaments

Question 24

Flat low back posture

Answer 24

decreased lumbosacral angle
decreased lumbar lordosis
posterior tilt of pelvis
head forward
UPPER thoracic spine flexed

Question 25

Contributions to deviations in posture

Answer 25

ROM
muscle length
joint integrity
muscle performance
environmental factors
pain
psychological factors
neurological factors
motor control

Question 26

Lateral view landmarks

Answer 26

<1/3 head of humerus protrudes ant to acromion
prox/distal humerus in line vertically
inferior angle of scapula is flat against thorax
scapula is 30° ant to frontal plane

Question 27

Ant/posterior view landmarks

Answer 27

antecubital crease faces ant, olecranon faces post
palms faces body
vertebral border of scapula is parallel to spine, 3in from spine
spine of scap at T3
vertebral border of scap is against thorax

Question 28

Adam’s forward bend test

Answer 28

shoulders asymmetrical
prominent shoulder blade
visible curve
hips asymmetrical
waist asymmetrical

upper or lower back hump

Question 29

Suboccipital release

Answer 29

decrease muscle tension in preparation for training of the deep neck flexors

forearms at rest
posterior skull rests on thenar eminences
finger tips at C2 level
gentle distraction
hold position for 3-4 minutes

Question 30

Deep neck flexor activation

Answer 30

activate and control muscles that control cervical retraction/axial extension

requires capital flexion, slight flattening of cervical lordosis
nodding YES motion
chin to throat
use towel under occiput for forward head posture to avoid extension

minimize sternocleidomastoid contraction

Question 31

Posture correction Cues C-Spine/Thoracic

Answer 31

Shoulder rolls
Head retraction

Question 32

Head retraction

Answer 32

draw chin and ears backwards to bring head over neck
keep jaw level, don’t tip head backwards

Question 33

Shoulder rolls

Answer 33

with arms relaxed, lift shoulders up/back/down
put shoulder blades in back pockets

Question 34

Lumbar spine correction, sitting

Answer 34

don’t have back on chair
slump onto tailbone, rock forward
find midpoints between extremes

proprioceptive feedback

Question 35

Lumbar spine correction, standing

Answer 35

stand with back against wall, heals close to wall
find a midpoint between back touching wall/and low back at a curve

haptic input