Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1 Therapeutic Exercise > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle mass growth trends

A

grows from birth until young adulthood
peaks for women from 16-20
peaks for men from 18-25

Decreases beginning at age 25
decreases 1 per year, 8% each decade
rapidly decreases beginning age 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How to decrease decline in muscle mass

A

happens at a later age or at a slower rate in active adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Immobilization and muscle

A

type 1 (slow twitch) fibers atrophy at a faster rate than type 2 (fast twitch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Elders and muscle injury

A

macrophage infiltration is lower/slower
fibrotic tissue interposed with muscle
fat infiltration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Resistance has an impact on

A

muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, muscle fiber size, satellite cell count, glycolytic function, mitochondrial volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Endurance exercise has an impact on

A

lactate tolerance, mitochondrial volume, protein synthesis, capillary density, oxidative function, endurance capacity, satellite cells count, glycolytic function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

endurance has none or small impact on

A

muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, muscle fiber size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Resistance has no or small impact on

A

lactate tolerance, protein synthesis, capillary density, oxidative function, endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Exam and Eval of muscle performance

A

MMT
handheld and isokinetic dynamometers
dynamic strength test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Benefits of submaximal loading

A

injury protection
after sedentary lifestyle
after prolonged immobilization
pt has bone demineralization
initially learning exercise
general goal is muscle endurance
confidence or self-efficacy are low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Finding submaximal load

A

estimate method
MMT method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Benefits of near-max or max loading

A

goal is muscle strength, power, hypertrophy
advanced phase of rehab
condition program
competitive weightlifting
Use 1 RM to determine load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Repetition maximum

A

greatest amount of weight a muscle can move through the full available ROM with control for a specific number of times before fatiguing

NEVER use with post op, joint instability, osteoporosis, cardiovascular pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Goal: increase muscle endurance

A

use dosages early in rehab process
load is approx 40% of 10 RM
Rest between sets, 45-60 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Goal: increase muscle strength

A

use after pt has made progress with endurance training

load is approx 60-80% of 1 RM or an amount that causes fatigue after 6-8 reps

Rest between sets, 2-3 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DeLorme’s PRE

A

10 RM based program
3 Sets, changing weight throughout

1 = 50% of 10 RM
2 = 75% of 10 RM
3 = 100% of 10 RM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rate of Perceived Exertion

A

use scale with patients who are easily fatigable, fearful, multiple co-morbidities. help assess the subjective intensity of load and intensity of effort.

18
Q

5 main categories of how to alter dosage

A

duration
volume
intensity/load
rest interval
frequency

can also do lever arm

19
Q

Muscle-Setting

A

tests muscle control
low-intensity muscle contractions performed against no resistance

20
Q

Uses of muscle-setting

A

decrease muscle pain and spasm
promote relaxation and circulation during acute stage
slow muscle atrophy and maintain mobility of joint but protect healing

does not increase strength unless muscles are very weak

21
Q

Indications for isometric exercise

A

minimize muscle atrophy when joint movement isn’t possible
re-establish neuromuscular control while protecting healing tissues
develop postural or joint stability
improve muscle strength but can’t do dynamic
develop strength in specific points of ROM

22
Q

Multiple angle isometrics

A

system of isometric exercise in which resistance is applied at multiple joint positions within available ROM

examples: hamstring isometrics following hamstring strain that is still painful

23
Q

Uses of multiple angle isometrics

A

improve strength when joint motion is permissible but dynamic resistance exercise is painful or inadvisable

24
Q

Dosages of isometrics

A

6-10 seconds = 2s rise time, 6s hold, 2s fall time

Reps/sets = 1-2 sets of 6-10 reps, multiple times a day

10 degree shift between positions to use multiple angles

25
Q

Precautions/contraindications of isometrics

A

precautions: no valsalva, hypertension
contraindications: history of cardiac or vascular disorders

26
Q

Length-tension relationship

A

isometric tension generation is skeletal muscle is a function of the magnitude of overlap between actin and myosin filaments

27
Q

Stretch-shortening cycle

A

when initiating movement, a brief eccentric contraction is followed by a concentric contraction

28
Q

Concentric, dynamic exercise

A

accelerates body segments, shortens

external resistance is overcome by internal force
greater # of motor units must be recruited to control the same load vs eccentric contraction

29
Q

Eccentric, dynamic exercise

A

decelerates body segment, lengthens

dynamic muscle activation and tension production that is below the level of external resistance

greater external loads can be controlled w/eccentric

eccentric has higher incidence of delayed muscle soreness

hardest to do

30
Q

Manual Resistance

A

Indication: contact is necessary to ensure proper activation

Considerations: readily available, easily modified

Precautions: hypertension/CVD, labor intensive, not practical for home, precise measurement difficult

31
Q

Pulley System

A

Indication: any time resistive exercise through a ROM is necessary

Considerations: applies constant load

Precautions: use after baseline is established, muscle max loaded in weakest portion of range

32
Q

Variable Resistance Machine

A

Indication: stability and safety is of concern

Considerations: provides less resistance beginning/end of ROM

Precautions: balance or coordination is not learned

33
Q

Elastics

A

Indications: any time strengthening by external resistance is required

Considerations: inexpensive, force increases w/stretch

Precautions: full ROM requires close attention to resistance angle and length. elastic decreases force fast

34
Q

Free Weights

A

Indication: for discrete measurable overload

Considerations: can be used in many different ways

Precautions: little external stabilization

35
Q

Isokinetic devices

A

Indication: muscle performance testing and training

Considerations: fully activate more muscle fibers for longer periods, can do a variety of speeds

Precautions: expensive, bulky, training is in a single plane, constant velocity

36
Q

Types of resistance training

A

manual resistance
pulley system
variable resistance machine
elastics
free weights
isokinetic devices

37
Q

Resistance Training Precautions

A

valsalva maneuver
possible stress on neighboring joints
possible pain, dizziness, shortness of breath
avoid children, sedentary adults, osteoporosis

38
Q

Contraindications Resistance Exercise

A

Pain that is sharp, tearing, intense
unstable joint
force distal to a fracture that is not completely healed
inflammation, especially neuromuscular or around joint
severe cardiopulmonary disease

39
Q

ACSM for Resistance Exercise

A

2-3 days per week
2 to 4 sets of each exercise
Reps: 8-12 strength/power, 10-15 middle age strength/starting exercise, 15-20 endurance
48 hours in-between

40
Q

Open-chain

A

distal segment is free to move in space

41
Q

closed-chain

A

body moves on a distal segment that is fixed or stabilized on support surface

1 Therapeutic Exercise (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions