lecture 15- overview of the clinical microbe lab Flashcards
what are some direct identification methods
growth and biochemical characteristics, microscopy, molecular methods, bacteriophage typing, immunologic tests
what are some indirect identification methods
serology and immunofluorescence
what type of specimens can be examined with microscopy
wet-mount, heat-fixed or chemically-fixed specimens
what is something that can be directed with dark-field microscopy
detection of spirochetes in skin lesions associated with syphilis
what can be detected with fluorescence microscopy
fungi
what are monoclonal antibodies produced by
hybridoma cells
define hybridoma cells
immortal cancerous B cell fused with an antibody-producing normal B cell
define chimeric Mabs
genetically modified mice that produce Ab with a human constant region
define humanized Mabs
Mabs that are mostly human, except for mouse antigen-binding
define fully human antibodies
Mabs produced from a human gene on a mouse
how is a definitive diagnosis obtained of parasites
obtained by identification and characterization of ova, trophozoites, and cysts in the specimen
what is ribotyping used for
identify bacterial genera and is based on high levels of 16S rRNA gene conservation among bacteria
what does plasmid fingerprinting do
characterizes bacteria based on number of plasmids and their molecular weight
what are immunological techniques used for
detection of antigens or antibodies in specimens (especially useful when cultural methods are unavailable or impractical or antimicrobial therapy has been started)
define serotyping
use of serum antibodies to detect and identify other molecules.
what can serotyping be used to differentiate
differentiate serovars or serotypes of microbes that differ in antigenic composition of a structure or product
define quellung reaction
swelling of capsular material following addition of antisera specific to a capsular type
what do direct serological tests detect
antigen
what do indirect serological tests detect
antibodies
define agglutination
particular antigens
define hemagglutination
agglutination of RBCs
define agglutinates
visible clumps or aggregates of cells or particles
define widal test
diagnostic for typhoid fever
what are latex agglutination tests used for
pregnancy tests, viral hemagglutination
