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micro biology > lect 2- bacterial cell structure and lect 3-peptidoglycan syn. and euk cell structure > Flashcards

lect 2- bacterial cell structure and lect 3-peptidoglycan syn. and euk cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

define spirillum

A

one or more twists

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2
Q

define vibrio

A

curved rod

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3
Q

define spirochete

A

flexible, helical spirals

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4
Q

what is the prefix for pairs

A

diplo-

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5
Q

what is the prefix for clusters

A

staphylo-

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6
Q

what is the prefix for chains

A

strepto-

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7
Q

define pleomorphic

A

organisms that are variable in shape

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8
Q

define mycelium

A

network of long, multinucleate filaments

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9
Q

what is the function of inclusions

A

storage of carbon, phosphate and other substances

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10
Q

describe the bacteria membrane

A
  • lacks sterols (has hopanoids (sterol-like molecules that stabilize the membrane and found in petroleum)
  • lipid comp varies with environ. conditions
  • many bact have plasma membrane infoldings
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11
Q

describe the bonds in euk, bact, and archae

A

bact and elk have ester; archae have ether

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12
Q

what does FtsZ do and what is it found in

A

found in many bacteria and forms the ring during septum formation in cell division (acts like actin)

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13
Q

what does MreB do and where is it found

A

found in bacilli, but not cocci. it maintains shape by positioning peptidoglycan synthesis machinery

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14
Q

what does CreS do and what is it found in

A

rare and maintains curve shape

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15
Q

what is the site of anaerobic ammonia oxidation

A

anammoxosome

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16
Q

what do magnetosomes do

A

they are found in aquatic bacteria and are magnetite particles (iron) for orientation in earth’s magnetic field

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17
Q

compare the bacterial, archaea and eukaryotic ribosomes

A

bacterial and archaea are 70S while euk. are 80S

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18
Q

what is the function of conjugative (F) plasmids

A

transfer of DNA from one cell to another

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19
Q

what is the function of R plasmids

A

carry antibiotic-resistance genes

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20
Q

what is the function of Col plasmids

A

produce bacteriocins, substances that destroy closely related species

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21
Q

what is the function of virulence plasmids

A

carry virulence genes

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22
Q

what is the function of metabolic plasmids

A

carry genes for enzymes

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23
Q

what color do gram + cell walls stain

A

purple

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24
Q

what color do gram - cell walls stain

A

pink or red

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25
what are the 2 alternating sugars in peptidoglycan (bacteria) and what is the intermediate
NAG and NAM. the intermediate is meso-diaminopimelic acid
26
what produces the negative charge in gram + cell wall
teichoic acid
27
what produces the negative charge in gram- wall
LPS
28
what are the enzymes secreted by gram+ bacteria called
exoenzymes: aid in degradation of large nutrients
29
what part of LPS serves as an endotoxin
Lipid A
30
what are the 3 parts of LPS
lipid A, core polysaccharide and O side chain (O antigen)
31
what inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis
penicillin
32
what do lysozymes do to the cell wall
breaks the bond between N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid
33
describe the S layer in gram- and gram+
gram negative: adheres to outer membrane. In gram position: associated with peptidoglycan surface
34
what is the main role of fimbriae
can mediate attachment to surfaces; some are required for twitching motility or gliding motility
35
what are the 3 parts of flagella
filament, hook, basal body
36
what part of flagella drives the flagellar motor
basal body
37
what type of secretion system is used for flagellar synthesis
Type 3-like secretion system
38
describe amphitrichous flagella distribution
one flagellum at each end of cell
39
describe polar flagellum
flagellum at end of cell
40
describe lophotrichous flagellum
cluster of flagella at one or both ends
41
describe peritrichous flagellum
spread over entire surface of cell
42
what type of movement is best in water
flagellar
43
what type of motility is like a corkscrew
spirochete
44
when is gliding motility most useful
on a solid surface
45
what powers the rotation of the basal body and filament
torque
46
which occurs in gram +/- direct cross linking and peptide interbridge
gram + has peptide inter bridge and negative has direct cross linking
47
how are cross links formed
by transpeptidation
48
what 2 carriers are involved in peptidoglycan synthesis
bactoprenol and uridine disphosphate
49
what does vancomycin inhibit
transpeptidation by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala
50
what does cycloserine do
blocks formation of D-Ala-D-Ala
51
what does penicillin inhibit
transpeptidation reaction
52
what does bacitracin block
dephosphorylation of bactoprenol pyrophosphate
53
what do autolysins do
carry out limited digestion of peptidoglycan in order to provide acceptor ends for addition of new peptidoglycan units
54
what are gram negative walls sensitive to
tetracylcine
55
describe the basal body in gram+/-
negative has 4-rings; positive has 2 rings
56
describe acid-fast cells
resist decolorization with acid alcohol
57
what is the basis for acid-fast staining
waxy cell wall composed of mycolic acids
58
describe the cell wall of mycoplasmas
do not have cell walls and have sterols in plasma membrane
59
describe cell wall of archaea
they are wall-less or have walls of pseudomurein (lack NAM-and D_amino acids)
60
define cytoplasmic streaming
movement of cytoplasm through cells
61
what do lysosomes do
digest enzymes
62
what do peroxisomes do
oxidation of FA: destroy H2O2
63
what does the centrosome consist of
protein fibers and centrioles
64
what is the cite of TCA cycle
mitochondria
65
how is ATP generated in hydrogenosomes
fermentation
66
define thylakoids
flattened, membrane-delimted sacs and the site of light reactions
67
what is the site of dark reactions of photosynthesis in chloroplasts
stroma

micro biology (10 decks)

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