lecture 12-normal microbiota and the host

Question 1

define normal microbiota

Answer 1

permanently colonize the host

Question 2

define transient microbiota

Answer 2

may be present for days, weeks or months

Question 3

eosinophils defense against protist and helminth parasites by

Answer 3

releasing perforin and lytic enzymes

Question 4

what is the predominant bacteria in the vagina

Answer 4

lactobacilli

Question 5

define symbiont

Answer 5

physical contact between dissimilar organism

Question 6

define commensalism

Answer 6

one organism benefits, and the other is unaffected

Question 7

define microbial antagonism

Answer 7

competition between microbes

Question 8

how do normal microbiota protect the host

Answer 8

occupying niches that pathogens might occupy;
producing acids;
producing bacteriocins

Question 9

define microbiome

Answer 9

all the genes of the host and the microbiota

Question 10

when do super organisms emerge

Answer 10

when the gene-encoded metabolic process of the host becomes integrated with those of the microbe

Question 11

define superorganism

Answer 11

blend of host and microbial traits where host and microbial cells cometabolize various substrates, resulting in unique products

Question 12

define probiotics

Answer 12

live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect

Question 13

define opportunistic pathogens

Answer 13

members of normal microbiota that produce a disease under certain circumstances

Question 14

define compromised host

Answer 14

debilitated host with lowered resistance to infection

Question 15

why is the skin an inhospitable environment

Answer 15

slightly acidic pH, high concentration of NaCl, many areas low in moisture

Question 16

what type of bacteria is on skin

Answer 16

gram positive, salt-tolerant bacteria

Question 17

what are some exams of bacteria that can live on skin

Answer 17

Staphylococci, micrococci, diphtheroids (aerobes on surface-C. xerosis and anaerobes in hair follicles-P. acnes)

Question 18

what is something that is likely to cause acne

Answer 18

Propionibacterium acnes

Question 19

define comedo

Answer 19

plug of sebum and keratin in duct of oil gland that results from inflammatory response to sebum accumulation

Question 20

what is the predominant bacterium in the eye

Answer 20

S. epidermidis

Question 21

what are some normal microbiota in the mouth

Answer 21

S. mutans and lactobacillus

Question 22

what bacteria is the predominant bacteria present in the nostrils

Answer 22

S. aureus and S. epidermidis

Question 23

what type of bacteria is found in the pharynx and trachea

Answer 23

gram positive

Question 24

how are microbes removed in the lower respiratory tract

Answer 24

continuous stream of mucous generated by ciliated epithelial cells (ciliary escalator), phagocytic action of alveolar macrophages, and lysozyme in mucus

Question 25

how are microbes eliminated in body

Answer 25

eliminated by peristalsis, desquamation and movement of mucus

Question 26

what type of microbes are likely present in the large intestine (colon)

Answer 26

anaerobes