Lecture 15: Muscles of the Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What walls is the abdominal wall subdivided into for descriptive purposes?

A

Anterior wall, right and left lateral walls, and posterior walls

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2
Q

What are the muscles in the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A
3 pairs of flat muscles
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Tranversus abdominus
1 pair of vertical muscles
- Rectus abdominus
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3
Q

What is the function of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?

A
  • compress and support the abdominal organs
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4
Q

What are the fibre direction of the 3 pairs of flat muscles?

A

External oblique: anteroinferior (“hands in pockets”)
Internal oblique: anterosuperior
Transversus abdominus: horizontal

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5
Q

What are the functions of the 3 pairs of flat muscles?

A
  • compress and support the abdominal viscera

- flex and rotate the trunk

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6
Q

What’s an aponeurosis?

A

A thin, flat sheet of tendon

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7
Q

What’s linea alba?

A

a white line

where all 3 flat muscles’ aponeuroses meet in the midline

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8
Q

What’s the rectus abdominus and where does it run?

A

A bilateral muscle that runs vertically between the ribs and the public symphysis

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9
Q

What is the rectus abdominus characterized by?

A

Tendinous intersections that create the separation of the muscle that we often refer to as the “6-pack”

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10
Q

The inguinal ligament passes from the _____ to the _____.

A

ASIS to the public tubercle.

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11
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A domed muscle that separated the thorax from the abdomen.

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12
Q

What’s the central tendon?

A

Where the muscle fibres converge and support the weight of the heart

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13
Q

What are the 3 openings in the diaphragm?

A

1) Caval opening at T8 (for the inferior vena cava)
2) Esophageal hiatus at T10 (for the esophagus)
3) Aortic hiatus at T12 (For the aorta)

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14
Q

What are the 3 openings in the diaphragm for?

A

Passage of major structures from the thorax to the abdomen and vice versa

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15
Q

What are the 5 ligaments in the diaphragm?

A
  • midline median arcuate ligament (arches over abdominal aorta and forms aortic hiatus)
  • bilateral medial arcuate ligament (arches over psoas major)
  • bilateral lateral arcuate ligament (arches over quadratus lumborum)
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16
Q

What are the three pairs of muscles in the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  • psoas major
  • Iliacus
  • Quadratus lumborum
17
Q

What is known as tenderloin in animals?

A

Psoas Major

18
Q

What is the lumbar plexus?

A

Lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L5) exit the intervertebral foramina and their anterior rami form a plexus of nerves within the psoas major muscles

19
Q

What are the terminal branches of the lumbar plexus?

A
  • Femoral nerve
  • Obturator nerve
  • Lumbosacral trunk