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ZOOL 250 lectures 13-28 > lecture 15 > Flashcards

lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

what classes make up clade aplacophora

A

caudofoveata
solenogastres

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2
Q

Aplacophora habitat

A

they all marine

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3
Q

does aplacophora have shells?

A

no, lack shell plates, they have pointy calcareous sclerites

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4
Q

are are mfs in clade aplacophora
whatdo they lack

A

marine worm like burrowers lacking eyes and metanephridia

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5
Q

class caudofoveata characteristics

A

do not have foot
have radula

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6
Q

class solenogastres

A

do not hav ctenidia and some lack radula
have small foot

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7
Q

where is foot in solenogastres

A

in ventral groove

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8
Q

solenogastres how many species

A

260

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9
Q

caudofoveata # spp

A

130

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10
Q

what is class polyplacophora

A

the chitons

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11
Q

how many species polyplacophora

A

930 spp

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12
Q

where does polyplacophora dwell

A

they are marine

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13
Q

what type of shell does polyplacophora have

A

7-8 flat dorsal shell plates

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14
Q

what does polyplacophora mantle bear

A

spicules

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15
Q

what is the extension of mantle called

A

girdle

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16
Q

how many pairs of ctenidia in polyplacophores

A

6-90

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17
Q

where are eyes in polyplacophora

A

not on head–> poorly developed
on the surface of shell plates there is hundreds of tiny light sensing eyes

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18
Q

how do polyplacophora eat

A

rasping algae off solid substrate

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19
Q

how are radula teeth strengthened in some polyplacophora species

A

magnetite

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20
Q

conchifera

A

where the rest of the molluscs fall

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21
Q

conchifera shells

A

univalved shell

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22
Q

what clade is class monoplacophora inn

A

class chonchifera

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23
Q

how many spp monoplacophora

A

35

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24
Q

monoplacophora shell

A

single cap like shell

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25
Q

how are monoplacophoras known

A

fossils from cambrian until 1952 when they found live mfs

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26
Q

what habitat monoplacophora

A

marine

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27
Q

do monoplacophora have metanephridia
ifso how many pairs

A

3-7 pairs of metanephtridia

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28
Q

do monoplacophora howmany pairs ctenidia

A

3-6 pairs

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29
Q

how many pairs pedal retractor muscles in monoplacophora

A

8 pairs

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30
Q

monoplacophora phylogeny debate

A

thought to be missing link b/w mollusca and annelida( seg worms)
-but analysis proves wrong
-because of haphazard association of organs

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30
Q
A
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31
Q

how do monoplacophora feed

A

scrape material off hard substrate

32
Q

what clade is class gastropoda

A

conchifera

33
Q

wow crazy about gastropoda

A

largest class of molluscs

34
Q

how many spp of molluscs

A

32000

35
Q

symmetry of gastropods

A

asymmetrical adults

36
Q

shell of gastropods

A

single spiral shell where body is withdrawn

37
Q

what us opening of shell where body emerges

A

aperture

38
Q

what is the main axis of shell

A

columella

39
Q

what is each turn of shell called

A

whorm

40
Q

what is a body whorl

A

where body currently retracts into

41
Q

spire

A

rest of shell

42
Q

what is the larval shell caleld

A

protoconch

43
Q

what is lost independently in many gastropods

A

shell

44
Q

aperature on left

A

sinistral

45
Q

aperture on right

A

dextral

46
Q

how does body attach to inside of shell

A

columellar muscle

47
Q

where are tentacles gastropod and how many

A

head, they are sensory
1-2 pairs

48
Q

foot gastropod

A

well developed, secretes mucus for movement

49
Q

prosobranch condition

A

gills located anterior to heart

50
Q

opisthobranch

A

gills located posterioor to heart

51
Q

pulm

A

lung

52
Q

gastropods that lack gills are

A

terrestrial or secondarily freshwater
pulmonates

53
Q

movement in gastropods

A

-some swim with fin extentions
-movement via crawling

54
Q

how is crawling achieved

A

muscular waves

55
Q

aids muscular waves

A

pedal mucus

56
Q

direct waves

A

forward direction waves

57
Q

retrograde waves

A

reverse direction

58
Q

what properties of pedal mucus change

A

cause it to be sticky when foot moving slow and slippery when moving fast

59
Q

gastropoda feeding

A

rasping grazers of algae
-presumably ancestral

60
Q

cone snails

A

predatory snails w harpoon radula

61
Q

how does harpoon stylets work in cone snails

A

injects venom that paralyzes victim

62
Q

nudibranchs what do they eat?

A

feed on cnidarians

63
Q

what helps nudibranchs eat

A

kleptocnidism

64
Q

what is kleptocnidism

A

prevents cnidae from firing

65
Q

why are some nudibranches brightly coloured

A

they store toxic chemicals from poniferan prey
aposematism

66
Q

Aposematism meaning

A

tell visual predators to stay away

67
Q

gastropoda reproduction

A

internal fertilization and copulate w very long penis

68
Q

gastropoda development

A

classic protosome development
- trochophore larva stage

69
Q

what stage do many marine gastropods share?

A

the veliger
the trochophore

70
Q

what does the veliger have?

A

operculum and velum

71
Q

velum

A

two cilliated lobes
what velier uses to swim and feed

72
Q

veliger

A

larval stage following trochophore

73
Q

terrestrial larval stages

A

reduced and inside egg

74
Q

what stage does tortion take place

A

veliger

75
Q

what is tortion

A

visceral mass and mantle rotate 90 to 180 degrees, moving hind end towards head

76
Q

what does tortion result in

A

-mantle cavity, openings to anus and excretory systems become anterior
-body asymmetries
-twisted nervous system

77
Q

what happens to gastropods that lost their shell

A

they detort

78
Q

detortion

A

animal symmetrical on outside and asymmetrical on inside

ZOOL 250 lectures 13-28 (18 decks)

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