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ZOOL 250 lectures 13-28 > 23 > Flashcards

23 Flashcards

1
Q

what animals are in phylum anthropoda

A

jointed legged animals

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2
Q

what is the largest phylum

A

anthropoda

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3
Q

anthropoda habitat

A

marine freshwater and terrestrial

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4
Q

what is the most economically important phylum

A

anthropoda

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5
Q

anthropoda diet

A

herbivores, predators, detrivores, parasites

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6
Q

subphyla of anthropoda

A

pancrustacea
myriapoda
chelicerata
trilobita

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7
Q

are crustaceans hexapods and myriapods all seperate phylum

A

-hexapo0ds and myriapods were previously sister phylums
-molecular data suggests crustacea and hexapods part of pancrustacea
-myriapoda sister to pancrustacea

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8
Q

myriapoda and pancrustacea part of what clade

A

mandibulata

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9
Q

what is sister clade of mandibulata

A

chelicerata

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10
Q

what do all mandibulata have

A

mandibles

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11
Q

anthropoda body and limbs

A

jointed limbs and jointed exoskeleton
-lack of motile body cilia

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12
Q

what are exoskeleton functions

A

-protection and structural support
-muscle attachment points

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13
Q

why are anthropoda so diverse

A

tagmatization

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14
Q

how many antenae do arthropods genereally have

A

1

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15
Q

what tagmata do all anthropoda have

A

head 2-5 segments

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16
Q

myriapoda tagmata

A

a head and a homonomous trunk

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17
Q

pancrustacean tagmata

A

head thorax and abdomen

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18
Q

what are head and thorax combined as

A

cephalothorax

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19
Q

most chelicerates tagmata

A

cephalothorax and abdomen

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20
Q

what is the exoskeleton composed of

A

dorsal tergite, ventral sternite, and lateral pleurites

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21
Q

what must happen for the animal to grow

A

exoskeleton must be moulted

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22
Q

3 layers of cuticle

A

epicuticle
exoculticle
endoculticle

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23
Q

epicuticle

A

protine only and thin, moulted

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24
Q

exocuticle

A

chitin and protein and minerals, moulted and schlerilized

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25
Q

endocuticle

A

chitin, proteins and minerals, resorbed before moulting

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26
Q

what hormone controls moulting

A

ecdysone

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27
Q

what parts of anthropoda are shed

A

gills, lining of foregut, hindgut and tracheae

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28
Q

stages between moults called

A

instars

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29
Q

steps of moulting

A

-apolysis
-inactice moulting fluid
-protective layer
-endocuticle digested
-new undifferentiated layer of cuticle with greater surfface area, starts out wrinkled
…
-ecdysis, and animal swallows shit to help
-new cuticle expands
-new cuticle sclerotized

30
Q

apolysis

A

epidermis separates from endocuticle

31
Q

ecdysis

A

old exocuticle and epicuticle moulted

32
Q

what are the segments of arthropod limbs called

A

articles

33
Q

whjat is the most basal (closest to body) article called

A

coxa

34
Q

what arises from basal articles

A

side branches

35
Q

what are side branches that project medially called

A

endites

36
Q

medially

A

tawards body

37
Q

what are side branches that project laterally called

A

exites

38
Q

biramous vs uniramous

A

biramous: two terminal branches
uniramous: one terminal branch

39
Q

what controls limb movement in anthropoda

A

muscles

40
Q

where do muscles attach

A

apodemes

41
Q

what are two type4s of limbs

A

phyllopodous
stenopodous

42
Q

phyllopodous limb

A

flattened

43
Q

stenopodous

A

tubular

44
Q

what limb joints do stenopodous limbs have

A

ball and socket hinges

45
Q

intrinsic vs extrinsic articles

A

intrinsic: articles moved by muscles attached in previous article
extrinsic: articles moved by muscles attached in body

46
Q

stops

A

overhangs that prevent overflexion or overextention

47
Q

what cleavage do many anthropoda have

A

intralecithal cleavage

48
Q

what is cleavage similar to anthropoda

A

velvet worms

49
Q

coelom of anthropoda and how does it arise

A

reduced, haemocoel
arises via schizocoely

50
Q

how do juveniles grow

A

addition of segments jsut anterior to terminal segment

51
Q

is gas exchange a problem in anthropoda

A

yes becayse of thick exoskeleton
gas exchange needs thin cuticle

52
Q

aquatic anthropoda respiration

A

limb branch gills
or book gills

53
Q

terrestrial anthropoda respiration

A

-spiracles/ tracheae/ tracheoles
-book lungs

54
Q

spiracles

A

openings to outside

55
Q

tracheae

A

largetubes

56
Q

tracheoiles

A

smaller tubes deliver oxygen to cells

57
Q

anthropoda nervouse syst

A

ventral nerve cord
dorsal brain and circumesophageal connectives

58
Q
A
59
Q

brain of anthropoda

A

2-3 lobes
segmentally arranged ganglion

60
Q

what are anthropoda eyes called

A

compound eyes

61
Q

what are compound eyes composed of

A

ommatidia

62
Q

ommatidia what is it composed of

A

cuticulular lens, light sensitive cells, and nerve

63
Q

what is the image made of

A

many seperate spots of light

64
Q

compound eyes and light. what can they be

A

apposition
superposition

65
Q

superposition eyes

A

are dark adapted
have pigments concentrated in upper part of ommatidium allowing leakage of light to lower parts

66
Q

where do superposition eyes work best

A

-low light
-low-resolution images produced

67
Q

apposition

A

light-adapted
pigment that screens most of ommatidium, so light doesnt leak into others

68
Q

apposition eyes work best in

A

bright light
high-resolution images

69
Q

what eyes do chelicerates and myriapods have

A

ocelli

70
Q

ocelli

A

simple eyes w single lens

71
Q

jumping
spiders eyes

A

ocelli produce very sharp images

ZOOL 250 lectures 13-28 (18 decks)

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