Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ZOOL 250 lectures 13-28 > 27 > Flashcards

27 Flashcards

1
Q

Deuterostomia extant phyla

A

Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Chordata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

symmetry Echinodermata

A

pentaradially symmetrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the armor of Echinodermata

A

endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate ossicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Echinodermata ossicles

A

connected by mutable collagenous tissues allowing them to quickly go from rock hard
to soft and floppy without rock hard state expending energy on muscular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do Echinodermata have instead of a circulatory system

A

water-vascular system open to sea-water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

echinoderms surfaces

A

oral and aboral surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the exceptions of the echinoderm sufaces

A

exceptions are sea cucumbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why was radial symmetry selected

A

suspension-feeding lifestyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

do other group of animals shows a 5-part radial symmetry

A

no other groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what lie along ambucular tracts

A

5 rows of tube feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are tubular feet also called

A

podia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what give the name echinodermata

A

porous, calcareous, intradermal ossicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do ossicles originate

A

originates intracellularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how are ossicles connected

A

ossicles are connected to each other with
collagen, and spaces between them filled
with living tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ways ossicles can be arranged

A

-3-D meshwork
-interlocking chain
-rigid test with movable spines
-small and isolated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ossicles specialized as tiny jaws

A

pedicellariae
-they pinch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pedicellariae

A

-defense
-anti-fouling
-capture prey
-can be venomous and shot at predators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how many eucoelomic systems echinoderms

A

five different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

large eucoelomic systems echinoderms
what do they aid with

A

perivisceral
coelom and water-vascular system
that aid with circulation of oxygen and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are perivisceral coelom and water-vascular system lined with?

A

cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

are perivisceral coelom and water-vascular system isosmotic

A

no, they have added potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

water-vascular system what does it do and how does it work

A

operate the tube feet through
water enters through madreporite to ring canal to 5 radial canals going down ambulacral grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do tube feed extend and retract or bend

A

hydrostatic pressure via ampullae and retract of bend them muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how do suckers on tube feet work

A

sticky mucus, and vaccume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

original function of the water
vascular system and tube feet was
who still has this

A

feeding
-crinoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

when an external madreporite is present

A

it is off-centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

echinoderms lacking

A

-no brain, central nervous cord or ganglia
-excretory organs
-lack specialized gas-exchange system
-lack intestines and/or anal opening
-lack image-forming eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

instead of brain, central nervous cord or ganglia echinoderms have

A

arrays of nerve fibres
a nerve ring around mouth radial cords to arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

echinoderms sexes

A

separate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

echinoderms breeding

A

always broadcast sperm
eggs broadcast or brooded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

larvae produced by broadcast vs brooded echinoderms

A

broadcast have little yolk and planktotrophic
brooded yolky and lecithotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

development

A

classical deuterostomous style of
development

32
Q

larva in echinoderm

A

1st stage called primary larva
larvae are bilaterally symmetrical

33
Q

transformation to the juvenile and
adult involves

A

-conversion of bilateral to radial symmetry
-changes in the 3-part larval eucoelomic system

34
Q

3-part larval eucoelomic system echinoderms

A

separate left and right pockets

35
Q

changes in the 3-part larval eucoelomic system in juvenile to adult echinoderms

A

-parts expand or shrink asymmetrically
-some fuse to yield the adult coelomic cavities, and others disappear

36
Q

gut morphology in extant echinoderms

A

-almost torsion-like
-gut is looped rather than linear

37
Q

what di end-Permian extinction do

A

reduced
diversity to current five classes

38
Q

Crinoidea

A

-basal
sea lilies, feather stars

39
Q

Crinoidea diet

A

suspension feeders

40
Q

two body forms of Crinoidea

A

-sea lilies are stalked
-feather stars lack stalks, can swim

41
Q

Crinoidea oral surface faces

A

upwards

42
Q

Crinoidea main arms

A

multiples of five
10 to 200
pinnules
ciliated ambulacral grooves

43
Q

Asteroidea

A

sea stars

44
Q

Asteroidea arms

A

not clearly set off from the
central disc

45
Q

Asteroidea oral vs aboral face

A

oral surface faces substrate
aboral (with madreporite and anus

46
Q

Asteroidea movement

A

crawl

47
Q

Asteroidea feeding

A

opportunistic feeders
-evert their stomach
-food is liquefied with enzymes
-sucked up

48
Q

Ophiuroidea

A

brittle stars, basket stars

49
Q

oral side facing Ophiuroidea

A

down

50
Q

arms osteroidea

A

clearly demarcated from the
disc; always have 5 arms

51
Q

brittle stars vs basket stars arms

A

-basket stars curl their arms and many arm branches vertically
-brittle stars can only move their arms laterally

52
Q

Ophiuroidea excretion and digestion

A

no intestine or anus

53
Q

brittle stars diet

A

detritivores and predators with some
being suspension-feeders

54
Q

basket stars diet

A

suspension-feeding’ predators
bucket-brigade’ analogy

55
Q

what is bucket-brigade’ analogy

A

tube feet hand shit to more precise tube feet

56
Q

Echinoidea

A

sea urchins, sand
dollars

57
Q

Echinoidea body

A

globular or or flat, and armless

58
Q

echinoidea ossicles

A

fused in rigid test with small holes for tube feet; have moveable spines

59
Q

Echinoidea characteristics

A

-Aristotle’s lantern
-have pedicellariae
-spines
- covered in epithelium with muscles attached to them

60
Q

Echinoidea spines

A

each spine can move independently
used for defense and walking

61
Q

Aristotle’s lantern what is it ad what does it do

A

-consists of five blade-like calcareous teeth
-teeth are protruded through the mouth
-teeth sharpened by scraping against eachother

62
Q

kelp and echinoidea

A

urchins are major enemies of kelp, destroy entire kelp forests

63
Q

teeth of sea urchins

A

-cut holes in coral and soft rock
-very sharp

64
Q

sand dollar feeding

A

deposit feed

65
Q

how do sanddollars avoid being lifted by waves

A

store sand in special gut pouches

66
Q

Holothuroidea

A

sea cucumbers

67
Q

Holothuroidea symmetry

A

-externally bilaterally symmetrical
-internally pentaradial symmetry difficult to see except in oral tentacles

68
Q

skeleton Holothuroidea

A

endoskeleton reduced

69
Q

madreporite Holothuroidea

A

madreporite is internal

70
Q

Holothuroidea larval transition

A

-do not go through the full
larval metamorphosis
-retain the bilateral symmetry of the early developmental stages

71
Q

Holothuroidea gill

A

respiratory tree wth Cuvierian tubules branching off

72
Q

Cuvierian tubules

A

sticky tubules can be ejected as defense

73
Q

gut of Holothuroidea

A

gut retains its ancestral ‘torsion’
loop

74
Q

how do sea cucumbers deposit-feed

A

branched, mucus-covered
oral tentacles passing shit to the mouth in a swiping
motion or by stuffing whole tentacle into the mouth

75
Q

what is not involved in sea cucumber feeding

A

tube feet are not involved in feeding

76
Q

what sea cucumbers have more emaborate oral tentacles

A

suspension feeders that are
quite sedentary

77
Q
A

ZOOL 250 lectures 13-28 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions