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ZOOL 250 lectures 13-28 > 25 Hexapoda and Myriapoda > Flashcards

25 Hexapoda and Myriapoda Flashcards

1
Q

mandibles

A

mouthparts

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2
Q

mandibles derived from the

A

coxa

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3
Q

seta

A

fine cuticular hairs

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4
Q

seta functions

A

can be sensory
assist in locomotion
protective covering
camouflage
create patterns

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5
Q

entomology

A

study of insects

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6
Q

Insecta

A

class of hexapod

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7
Q

Collembola

A

Class of hexapods
springtails

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8
Q

Entognatha

A

may not be a
monophyletic group

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9
Q

hexapods share these features
Resp tagma
Mandibles
Limbs antennae

A

-1 pair of antennae
-single-articled mandibles
-tracheae and spiracles
uniramous limbs
3 tagmata: head, thorax, abdomen

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10
Q

Entognatha mandibles enclosed by

A

cheeks
entognathous

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11
Q

internal mandibles Entognatha

A

articulate with head with single condyle

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12
Q

Collembola species appendage

A

furcula

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13
Q

furcula function

A

used for
jumping

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14
Q

water anwater and ion regulation Collembola

A

collophore(ventral tube)

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15
Q

Collembola eyes

A

ocelli

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16
Q

why are protura unique among hexapoda

A

completely lacking antennae

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17
Q

Collembola Protura and Diplura ijn group called

A

Entognatha

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18
Q

Insecta eyes

A

-compound eyes
-often also have ocelli

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19
Q

in insects, mandibles are

A

ectognathous

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20
Q

ectognathous

A

mandibles are not
enclosed in cheeks

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21
Q

Archaeognatha

A

bristletails
part of insecta

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22
Q

bristletails mandibles

A

only one condyle on mandible joint

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23
Q

excluding bristletails, insects have mandibles with

A

dicondylic mandibular joint
2 condyle

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24
Q

Archaeognatha appendages

A

ventral jointed appendages on their abdomens

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25
Q

what did Archaeognatha and Thysanura evolve prior to

A

evolved prior to the evolution of wings
apterygote (no wings)

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26
Q

most insects have how many wings

A

2 pairs of wings

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27
Q

what are insect wings a synapomorphy of

A

clade Pterygota

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28
Q

what have some insects lots

A

secondarily lost wings

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29
Q

what is the ancestral form of wing bases
what is this caled

A

relatively fixed wing bases
palaeopterous condition

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30
Q

Neoptera

A

pterygote insects w more flexible wing bases

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31
Q

ancestral state isntead of flexible wing base

A

-both pairs of wings membranous
-some rigid forewings
-reduction in size of one pair

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32
Q

different flight muscles attachment

A

direct - attached to the wing
indirect - act on the thorax

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33
Q

cool thing bout dragonflies

A

both types of flight muscles attachment

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34
Q

dragonflies wings how do they work

A

dorsoventral thoracic muscles contract = pull down the notum –> clicks’ the wing base, raising the wing
the downstroke: contractions of muscles directly attached to the wing

35
Q

true flies flight muscles and how do they work

A

indirect
dorsoventral muscles contract, and pull down the notum: upstroke
dorsal longitudinal muscles contract to ‘pop up’ notum: downstroke

36
Q

hexapods sexes

A

separate

37
Q

how do collembolans and apterygote transfer sperm

A

indirectly, use spermatophore

38
Q

spermatophore

A

encapsulated package of
sperm) placed on a substrate

39
Q

pterygote transfer sperm

A

copulate

40
Q

fertilization pterygote

A

internal fertilization

41
Q

some hexapods are

A

haplodiploid

42
Q

haplodiploid

A

fertilized eggs become diploid females, unfertilized eggs become haploid males

43
Q

what do Hymenoptera do

A

control sex ratios

44
Q

Hymenoptera

A

bees, ants, and wasps

45
Q

what do females of haplodiploid species do

A

control the sex of each offspring

46
Q

hexapods cleavage

A

intralecithal with no evidence
of spiral or radial patterns

47
Q

hexapods development

A

epimorphic

48
Q

epimorphic

A

all body segments are present at
hatching

49
Q

Hexapod life cycle variations

A

ametaboly
hemimetaboly
holometaboly

50
Q

ametaboly

A

juveniles look
exactly like small adults except that
they have no genitalia
- incomplete

51
Q

what groups show ametaboly

A

entognathous hexapods
and apterygote insects

52
Q

hemimetaboly

A

wings develop slowly over several
moults (as wing pads)

53
Q

juvenile in hemimetaboly called

A

nymph rather than
a larva

54
Q

holometaboly

A

wings develop all at once
-juvenile looks different than adult

55
Q

stage where wings develop all at once in holometaboly

A

pupa

56
Q

juvenile holometaboly

A

larva

57
Q

holometaboly is a synapomorphy of the
clade

A

Holometabola

58
Q

Hexapod diets

A

predators, microbivores,
herbivores, detritivores, parasites, parasitoids

59
Q

parasitoid

A

host is killed

60
Q

parasite

A

doesn’t have to kill the host in order to
complete life cycle

61
Q

drugs from plants

A

insecticidal chemicals like nicotine, caffeine used to kill oinsects

62
Q

Myriapoda

A

many more than 3 pairs of legs

63
Q

Myriapoda tagmata

A

head, trunk

64
Q

head Myriapoda

A

ocelli, mandibles, 1 pr antennae

65
Q

trunk Myriapoda

A

many uniramous legs

66
Q

gas exchange system Myriapoda

A

spiracular/tracheal system

67
Q

habitat Myriapoda

A

terrestrial
-oldest fossils of terrestrial animals

68
Q

Diplopoda-

A

millipedes
pt of myriapoda

69
Q

Diplopoda diet

A

detritivorous or herbivorous

70
Q

Diplopoda legs

A

two pairs of legs and two stigmata per ‘segment’

71
Q

result of fusing of adjacent pairs of
segments

A

diplosegments

72
Q

what class has most legs of any arthropod

A

Diplopoda

73
Q

main defense diplobod

A

thick exoskeleton that is often
calcified
glandular secretions

74
Q

Chilopoda

A

centipedes
pt of myraopda

75
Q

Chilopoda characteristics

A

poison claws
aggressive predators
1 pair of legs per segment

76
Q

house centipede eyes

A

compound eyes

77
Q

Myriapoda sexes

A

separate sexes

78
Q

sperm transfer centipedes

A

-indirect with male placing spermatophore and female picking it up

79
Q

sperm transfer millipedes

A

male passes the
spermatophore directly to the female

80
Q

fertilization Myriapoda

A

internal

81
Q

development Myriapoda

A

similar to that of
hexapods
direct
some spp epimorphic (hatch w all segments) and some anamorphic (moult to add)

82
Q

cleavage Myriapoda

A

is intralecithal

83
Q

what do female centipedes do with eggs and hatchlings

A

guard

ZOOL 250 lectures 13-28 (18 decks)

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