25 Hexapoda and Myriapoda

Question 1

mandibles

Answer 1

mouthparts

Question 2

mandibles derived from the

Answer 2

coxa

Question 3

seta

Answer 3

fine cuticular hairs

Question 4

seta functions

Answer 4

can be sensory
assist in locomotion
protective covering
camouflage
create patterns

Question 5

entomology

Answer 5

study of insects

Question 6

Insecta

Answer 6

class of hexapod

Question 7

Collembola

Answer 7

Class of hexapods
springtails

Question 8

Entognatha

Answer 8

may not be a
monophyletic group

Question 9

hexapods share these features
Resp tagma
Mandibles
Limbs antennae

Answer 9

-1 pair of antennae
-single-articled mandibles
-tracheae and spiracles
uniramous limbs
3 tagmata: head, thorax, abdomen

Question 10

Entognatha mandibles enclosed by

Answer 10

cheeks
entognathous

Question 11

internal mandibles Entognatha

Answer 11

articulate with head with single condyle

Question 12

Collembola species appendage

Answer 12

furcula

Question 13

furcula function

Answer 13

used for
jumping

Question 14

water anwater and ion regulation Collembola

Answer 14

collophore(ventral tube)

Question 15

Collembola eyes

Answer 15

ocelli

Question 16

why are protura unique among hexapoda

Answer 16

completely lacking antennae

Question 17

Collembola Protura and Diplura ijn group called

Answer 17

Entognatha

Question 18

Insecta eyes

Answer 18

-compound eyes
-often also have ocelli

Question 19

in insects, mandibles are

Answer 19

ectognathous

Question 20

ectognathous

Answer 20

mandibles are not
enclosed in cheeks

Question 21

Archaeognatha

Answer 21

bristletails
part of insecta

Question 22

bristletails mandibles

Answer 22

only one condyle on mandible joint

Question 23

excluding bristletails, insects have mandibles with

Answer 23

dicondylic mandibular joint
2 condyle

Question 24

Archaeognatha appendages

Answer 24

ventral jointed appendages on their abdomens

Question 25

what did Archaeognatha and Thysanura evolve prior to

Answer 25

evolved prior to the evolution of wings apterygote (no wings)

Question 26

most insects have how many wings

Answer 26

2 pairs of wings

Question 27

what are insect wings a synapomorphy of

Answer 27

clade Pterygota

Question 28

what have some insects lots

Answer 28

secondarily lost wings

Question 29

what is the ancestral form of wing bases what is this caled

Answer 29

relatively fixed wing bases palaeopterous condition

Question 30

Neoptera

Answer 30

pterygote insects w more flexible wing bases

Question 31

ancestral state isntead of flexible wing base

Answer 31

-both pairs of wings membranous -some rigid forewings -reduction in size of one pair

Question 32

different flight muscles attachment

Answer 32

direct - attached to the wing indirect - act on the thorax

Question 33

cool thing bout dragonflies

Answer 33

both types of flight muscles attachment

Question 34

dragonflies wings how do they work

Answer 34

dorsoventral thoracic muscles contract = pull down the notum --> clicks’ the wing base, raising the wing the downstroke: contractions of muscles directly attached to the wing

Question 35

true flies flight muscles and how do they work

Answer 35

indirect dorsoventral muscles contract, and pull down the notum: upstroke dorsal longitudinal muscles contract to ‘pop up' notum: downstroke

Question 36

hexapods sexes

Answer 36

separate

Question 37

how do collembolans and apterygote transfer sperm

Answer 37

indirectly, use spermatophore

Question 38

spermatophore

Answer 38

encapsulated package of sperm) placed on a substrate

Question 39

pterygote transfer sperm

Answer 39

copulate

Question 40

fertilization pterygote

Answer 40

internal fertilization

Question 41

some hexapods are

Answer 41

haplodiploid

Question 42

haplodiploid

Answer 42

fertilized eggs become diploid females, unfertilized eggs become haploid males

Question 43

what do Hymenoptera do

Answer 43

control sex ratios

Question 44

Hymenoptera

Answer 44

bees, ants, and wasps

Question 45

what do females of haplodiploid species do

Answer 45

control the sex of each offspring

Question 46

hexapods cleavage

Answer 46

intralecithal with no evidence of spiral or radial patterns

Question 47

hexapods development

Answer 47

epimorphic

Question 48

epimorphic

Answer 48

all body segments are present at hatching

Question 49

Hexapod life cycle variations

Answer 49

ametaboly hemimetaboly holometaboly

Question 50

ametaboly

Answer 50

juveniles look exactly like small adults except that they have no genitalia - incomplete

Question 51

what groups show ametaboly

Answer 51

entognathous hexapods and apterygote insects

Question 52

hemimetaboly

Answer 52

wings develop slowly over several moults (as wing pads)

Question 53

juvenile in hemimetaboly called

Answer 53

nymph rather than a larva

Question 54

holometaboly

Answer 54

wings develop all at once -juvenile looks different than adult

Question 55

stage where wings develop all at once in holometaboly

Answer 55

pupa

Question 56

juvenile holometaboly

Answer 56

larva

Question 57

holometaboly is a synapomorphy of the clade

Answer 57

Holometabola

Question 58

Hexapod diets

Answer 58

predators, microbivores, herbivores, detritivores, parasites, parasitoids

Question 59

parasitoid

Answer 59

host is killed

Question 60

parasite

Answer 60

doesn’t have to kill the host in order to complete life cycle

Question 61

drugs from plants

Answer 61

insecticidal chemicals like nicotine, caffeine used to kill oinsects

Question 62

Myriapoda

Answer 62

many more than 3 pairs of legs

Question 63

Myriapoda tagmata

Answer 63

head, trunk

Question 64

head Myriapoda

Answer 64

ocelli, mandibles, 1 pr antennae

Question 65

trunk Myriapoda

Answer 65

many uniramous legs

Question 66

gas exchange system Myriapoda

Answer 66

spiracular/tracheal system

Question 67

habitat Myriapoda

Answer 67

terrestrial -oldest fossils of terrestrial animals

Question 68

Diplopoda-

Answer 68

millipedes pt of myriapoda

Question 69

Diplopoda diet

Answer 69

detritivorous or herbivorous

Question 70

Diplopoda legs

Answer 70

two pairs of legs and two stigmata per ‘segment’

Question 71

result of fusing of adjacent pairs of segments

Answer 71

diplosegments

Question 72

what class has most legs of any arthropod

Answer 72

Diplopoda

Question 73

main defense diplobod

Answer 73

thick exoskeleton that is often calcified glandular secretions

Question 74

Chilopoda

Answer 74

centipedes pt of myraopda

Question 75

Chilopoda characteristics

Answer 75

poison claws aggressive predators 1 pair of legs per segment

Question 76

house centipede eyes

Answer 76

compound eyes

Question 77

Myriapoda sexes

Answer 77

separate sexes

Question 78

sperm transfer centipedes

Answer 78

-indirect with male placing spermatophore and female picking it up

Question 79

sperm transfer millipedes

Answer 79

male passes the spermatophore directly to the female

Question 80

fertilization Myriapoda

Answer 80

internal

Question 81

development Myriapoda

Answer 81

similar to that of hexapods direct some spp epimorphic (hatch w all segments) and some anamorphic (moult to add)

Question 82

cleavage Myriapoda

Answer 82

is intralecithal

Question 83

what do female centipedes do with eggs and hatchlings

Answer 83

guard