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ZOOL 250 lectures 13-28 > 28 > Flashcards

28 Flashcards

1
Q

Hemichordata placement

A

sister to Echinodermata

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2
Q

Hemichordata

A

acorn worms, pterobranchs

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3
Q

Hemichordata spp

A

140

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4
Q

Hemichordata habitat

A

entirely marine

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5
Q

Hemichordata body

A

tripartite body with eucoeloms

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6
Q

whats used for feeding Hemichordata

A

pharyngeal slits

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7
Q

nervous system Hemichordata

A

dorsal and ventral nerve
cords

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8
Q

circ system hemichordata

A

heart and dorsal and ventral vessels, but the system is not completely closed

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9
Q

sexes Hemichordata

A

seperate sexes

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10
Q

what kind of reproduction Hemichordata

A

both sexual and asexual

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11
Q

within Hemichordata

A

Enteropneusta
Pterobranchia

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12
Q

Enteropneusta

A

solitary
tripartite body plan

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13
Q

tripartite body plan of Enteropneusta

A

proboscis
collar
trunk- has gill’ slits

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14
Q

what connects coelom to the water outside Enteropneusta

A

coelomopore

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15
Q

what does each body region have Enteropneusta

A

own eucoelomic cavity or pair of cavities

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16
Q

similar to Cephalochordata Enteropneusta

A

pharyngeal slits that may be may be homologous with chordate branchial slits

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17
Q

what does cilia on pharyngeal slits do Enteropneusta

A

generate current that sucks water through mouth and expels it through holes in pharynx to outside

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18
Q

proboscis is covered with
what is it used for? Enteropneusta

A

cilia and mucus and is used for feeding

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19
Q

where are desirable particles added? Enteropneusta

A

iodine-
rich mucus cord

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20
Q

Enteropneusta feeding

A

nonselective deposit feeders that create large casts of
undigested sediment- ike eartyhworms

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21
Q

where do enteropneusts live

A

some in burrows
others live on the surface of sediments

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22
Q

reproduction enteropneusts

A

asexually by multiple transverse fissions
and sexually via broadcast
spawning

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23
Q

Pterobranchia habitat

A

tube-dwelling, colonial

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24
Q

Pterobranchia body

A

tripartite

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25
Q

tripartite body of Pterobranchia

A

-cephalic shield
-collar with 2-10 tentacle-bearing arms and pharyngeal slits
-short globular trunk and stalk

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26
Q

what does each part of body havePterobranchia

A

or one two eucoelomic cavities

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27
Q

Pterobranchia how does zooid move up and down in tube

A

creeping
movements of the cephalic shield

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28
Q

what do pterobranchs feed on

A

feed on suspended particles

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29
Q

gut pterobranchs

A

U-shaped

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30
Q

Pterobranchia reproduction

A

asexual via budding

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31
Q

ferilization in Pterobranchia

A

external fertilization and
brooding

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32
Q

what are some pterobranchs fossiles known as

A

graptolites

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33
Q

graptolites

A

-all extinct now
- were diverse
-had planktonic colonies

34
Q

Phylum Chordata

A

Vertebrata Cephalochordata and Urochordata

35
Q

Phylum Chordata body cavity

A

coelomic cavity not tripartite and is reduced

36
Q

what do pharyngeal slits/clefts do in chordata

A

-suspension-feeding
devices in many invertebrate
chordates
-aquatic vertebrates are gill
slits

37
Q

Phylum Chordata features

A

-notochord
-dorsal, hollow nerve cord
-muscular, post-anal tail
- pharyngeal slits/clefts
-segmentally arranged muscle blocks

38
Q

nerve cords in other animals are

A

solid and are almost always ventral

39
Q

what is present in all chordate embryos

A

notochord

40
Q

what does plate of ectoderm dorsal to notochord do

A

plate rolls into tube and develops into brain

41
Q

what does endostyle do

A

secretes mucus and traps particles

41
Q

what is present in Cephalochordata and Urochordata

A

endostyle

42
Q

Urochordata and Vertebrata

A

are sister taxa

43
Q

Cephalochordata

A

lancelets

44
Q

adult Cephalochordata has

A

all the chordate character states

45
Q

cephalo = head in cephalochordata why?

A

notochord extends
anteriorly beyond the nerve cord

46
Q

how do cephalochordata extract particles

A

mucous
covered U-shaped pharyngeal slits

47
Q

circulatory system Cephalochordata

A

closed

48
Q

how is filtered water sent out of the body Cephalochordata

A

through atriopore

49
Q

Cephalochordata endostyle

A

iodine-rich mucus net

50
Q

Cephalochordata nervous system

A

dorsal nerve cord, no brain,

51
Q

eye Cephalochordata

A

single non-image-forming eyespot

52
Q

cephalochordata fertalization

A

external fertilization

53
Q

cephalochodata sexes

A

seperate

54
Q

larva in cephalochordata

A

plankatrophic for months

55
Q

Urochordata spp

A

3000

56
Q

Urochordata body covered in

A

tunic made of a cellulose-like polysaccharide

57
Q

urochordata feeding
And what do they use

A

suspension feeders with large branchial filtering baskets;

58
Q

Urochordata solitary or colonial

A

both

59
Q

Urochordata nervous system

A

no brain, dorsal nerve cord only in larvae and in adults of one class

60
Q

Class Ascidiacea

A

part of urochordata

61
Q

Class Ascidiacea nervous system

A

lack notochord & nerve cord as adults
-their larva have it(tadpole)

62
Q

Ascidiacea larvae

A

tadpole’ larvae

63
Q

pharynx of Urochordata

A

huge pharynx with
many ciliated slits

64
Q

what does endostyle do uropchordata

A

endostyle
secretes an iodine-rich mucus net

65
Q

where is water sent after filtering

A

water is sent to the atrial siphon

66
Q

ascidians colonial or solitary

A

colonial share a single tunic, and are connected to each other by tissues

67
Q

ascidians sexes

A

hermaphroditic

68
Q

reproduction ascidians

A

asexually by budding

69
Q

tadpole

A

tadpole larvae have brief free-swimming phase and then attach to substrate by head

70
Q

Class Larvacea

A

part of urochordata

71
Q

adults in larvacea

A

adults retain notochord and dorsal nerve cord and look rather like the tadpole larvae

72
Q

Larvacea thought to have evolved via

A

paedogenesis

73
Q

paedogenesis vs paedomorphosis

A

paedomorphosis: retention of juvenile characters in adults
paedogenesis:sexual maturation while still in a juvenile or larval form)
not much difference

74
Q

what do larvaceans make to suspenstion feed

A

mucus houses

75
Q

echinoderm larvae importance

A

food webs as prey and as
predators

76
Q

predation by sea stars structures

A

intertidal zonation

77
Q

starfish wasting syndrome

A

mfs gettin fucked

78
Q

invasive species of tunicates

A

fouling man-made objects and smothering native shit which blocked photosynthesis

79
Q

echinoderms important models for

A

-studies of deuterostome-
style development
-larval cloning

80
Q

E & I echinoderms

A

humans eat echinoderms
-cephalochordates and urochordates

ZOOL 250 lectures 13-28 (18 decks)

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