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Physiology > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

`sensory input

A

sensory receptors (millions) detect changed inside and outside of body (stimulus)

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2
Q

Intergration

A

Processing and interpretation of sensory input (what to do)

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3
Q

Motor output

A

response caused by activation of effector organs (muscles or glands)

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4
Q

CNS is made up of what?

A

brain and spinal cord
- integration and command center

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5
Q

PNS is made up of what?

A

outside CNS - links all of the body CNS via SPINAL NERVES AND CRANIAL NERVES
- motor output and sensory input

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6
Q

what is somatic?

A

voluntary (skeletal muscle)

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7
Q

What is Autonomic?

A

Involuntary cardiac and smooth muscle and glands)

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8
Q

what does parasympathetic do?

A

rest and digest
feed and breed

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9
Q

What is Sympathetic?

A

Fight or flight

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10
Q

in the Sympathetic nervous system what hormone is released?

A

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

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11
Q

In the parasympathetic nervous system what hormone is released? and Somatic?

A

Acetylcholine

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12
Q

To be s sensory input what receptors are used?

A

ion channels or G proteins coupled receptors

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13
Q

chemoreceptors?

A

chemical (cell flooded with Ca)

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14
Q

Photoreceptors?

A

Light (vision)

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15
Q

thermoreceptors

A

Temperature

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16
Q

Nociceptors?

A

overstimulation of receptors

17
Q

Sensory cells sense stimuli through _______ and communicate to sensory neurons through ______

A

sensory receptors, neurotransmitters

18
Q

what are the 2 cell types of the nervous system?

A
  • Ganglia (supporting cells) or GLIA
  • Neurons (transmit signals)
19
Q

what are the characteristics of gaglia?

A

1 ganglia to 5 neuron
- most glia maintain mitotic ability
- some possess electrical properties similar to neurons

20
Q

What are the characteristics of a neuron?

A

last long time(100 years)
- amitotic = most do not divide and are NOT replaced if destroyed
- high metabolic rate- require continuous supplu of o2 and glucose
(brain is 2% of body mass but uses 20% of o2)

21
Q

What are the supporting cells of the CNS - glia?

A

Astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells
(camo Pss)

22
Q

What do astrocytes do? - glia

A

most abundant
- helps regulate composition of extracellular fluid, (remove k+ and neurotransmitters
- provide nutrients

23
Q

What do microglia do? - glia

A

macrophages
- scavengers that phagocytize debris and remodel synapse

24
Q

What do oligiodendrocytes? - glia

A

eletrical insulation
- have processes that wrap axons in myelin sheaths around axons

25
Q

What do oligiodendrocytes? - glia

A

electrical insulation
- have processes that wrap axons in myelin sheaths around axons

26
Q

what do Ependymal cells do? - glia

A

Line cavities were cilia circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to cushion and nourish CNS

27
Q

What are the supporting cells of the PNS - glia?

A

schwann cells and satellite cells (camo pss)

28
Q

what do schwann cells do? - glia

A

surround and form myelin sheaths around axons (oligodendrocytes in CNS)

29
Q

What do Satellite cells do? - glia

A

surround neuron cell body, (regulate external chemical environment)

30
Q

what is myelination? what supporting cells can be considered this? - glia

A

wrap around axon multiple times (like electrical tape around a wire)
- oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

31
Q

what is myelin sheath? - glia

A

protects/insulates axons
- increases action potential and conducts speed

32
Q

What is myelinated fibers? - glia

A

axon w/ myelin sheath

33
Q

What is nodes of Ranvier? - glia

A

(neurofibral nodes)
- gaps on axon between myelin sheath (spaces)

34
Q

What is nodes of Ranvier? - glia

A

(neurofibril nodes)
- gaps on axon between myelin sheath (spaces)

35
Q

What is the cell body called - neuron

A

soma - biosynthetic center

36
Q

What are the rough er (____ ) in neurons that are the most active in the cell body? - neuron

A

nissl body in the rough ER

37
Q

What are the neurofilaments that maintain cell shape? - neurons

A

intermediate filaments
- multipolar neurons are the most common type of neuron

38
Q

What is involved in the input sense - neurons

A

dendrites - receive inputs
- short, branched, large surface area
- convey incoming messages to cell body
- short distance signals = graded potentials integration)

39
Q

What is involved in the output of sense - neurons?

A

axons = sends OUTPUTS
- vary in size (very short to 1 meter)
- only one per neuron
- with and without myelin (electrical installation)
axon hillock: cone shaped area from which axon arises

Physiology (9 decks)

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