Lecture 10

Question 1

electric diagnostic tools?

Answer 1

1. ECG or EKG (electorcardiogram)
2. EEG (electrocephalogram)

Question 2

electrical theraputic devices?

Answer 2

1. defibrillation or jump start
2. control regular heart beat (pace maker)
3. reduce or eliminate chronic pain
4. control bladder and bowel movements

Question 3

what is electricity?

Answer 3

the separation or manipulation of electric charges

Question 4

what is bioelectricity?

Answer 4

electrical phenomena generated by living organisms (single cells, tissues, organs)

Question 5

what does every living cells have?

Answer 5

transmembrane electrical potential voltage accross plasma membrane (seperation of charges

Question 6

what are the charge carriers?

Answer 6

Na, K, Cl, Ca ect.
not electrons (e-)

Question 7

what is the voltage (electrical potential)?

Answer 7

electrical potential difference expressed in volts (stored potential energy)

Question 8

electrical activation of switches

Answer 8

• the switch of electrical currents??
  (more)

Question 9

electrical field lines

Answer 9

(more) opposite charges attract, like charges repel

Question 10

What is the Nernst Equation used for?

Answer 10

to find out what voltage is good for a ion or the ( K+ equilibrium potential)
- keeps leaving until a certain number

Question 11

what is the final membrane voltage?

Answer 11

more negative = hyperpolarization
more positive = depolarization
- based on concentration gradient

Question 12

what is G in the goldman-hodgkans-katz equation

Answer 12

g is relative conductance (ease of crossing the membrane)

Question 13

what is the relative equilibrium potential for Na

Answer 13

positive (depolarization)

Question 14

what is the relative equilibrium potential for Ca

Answer 14

positive (depolarization)

Question 15

what is the relative equilibrium potential for Cl

Answer 15

negative (hyperpolarization)

Question 16

what is the relative equilibrium potential for K

Answer 16

negative (hyperpolarization)

Question 17

what is the distribution of charge across plasma membrane for Na outside and inside?

Answer 17

inside: Low
outside: high

Question 18

what is the distribution of charge across plasma membrane for Ca outside and inside?

Answer 18

inside low
outside high

Question 19

what is the distribution of charge across plasma membrane for Cl outside and inside?

Answer 19

inside high
outside low

Question 20

what is the distribution of charge across plasma membrane for K outside and inside?

Answer 20

outside low
inside high

Question 21

what is the distribution of charge across plasma membrane for protein anions outside and inside?

Answer 21

outside low
inside high

Question 22

why does a plasma membrane depolarize (more positive)

Answer 22

• causes a rise in cytosolic Ca 2+

Question 23

when a rise in cytosolic Ca what does this cause?

Answer 23

• exocytosis of neurotransmitters
• exocytosis of amino acid based hormones
• contraction of muscle (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle)

Question 24

how can membranes be depolarized?

Answer 24

when:
- Na channels open
- Ca channels open
- K channels Close
- Cl channels close
- protein anions close

Question 25

what is the resting membrane potential?

Answer 25

voltage difference between the inside and outside of plasma membrane resting neuron

Question 26

in a rmp what charge is on the inside?

Answer 26

(cytoplasmic side) is negatively charges with respect to the outside

Question 27

why does RMP only happen across a lipid?

Answer 27

????