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Physiology > Diffusion and Transport > Flashcards

Diffusion and Transport Flashcards

1
Q

what is Brownan motion?

A

random motion
- causes collisions that bounce off each other

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2
Q

what is diffusion?

A

movement of high concentration to a low concentration
- diffusion tends to collapse concentration gradients

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3
Q

what is the equation for ability to diffuse?

A
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4
Q

in the ability to diffuse equation what happens if you increase the temperature

A

it increases the diffusion

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5
Q

in the ability to diffuse equation what happens if you raise the viscosity?

A

you decrease diffusion

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6
Q

in the ability to diffuse equation what happens if you increase the surface area or the radius of molecule?

A

you decrease the dissusion

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7
Q

what is the equation for the mean displacement for multiple dimensions?

A

x=square root 2Dt

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8
Q

in the mean displacement for multiple dimensions what happens to the distance if doubled?

A

you quadruple the time

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9
Q

lipid membranes are _____?

A

selectively permeable
which means only certain molecules can get through

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10
Q

IF there is NO concentration differences across the membrane then there is ____ flux

A

NO NET FLUX

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11
Q

what is the equation for simple diffusion across a membrane?

A

J = P (C1+C2)

C1 = extracellular concentration
c2 = intracellular concentration
J = Flux
P = permeability coefficient

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12
Q

In simple diffusion is energy required? net flux occurs? what can go through?

A
  • No energy required
  • net flux occurs when concentration DIFFERENCE is present
    can go through: - gas exchange - steroids - hydrophobic drug movement
    cannot is FATS
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13
Q

What is osmosis?

A

the movement of water from a low concentration to a high concentration
- moves to dilute the solute

  • osmosis tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the 2 sides
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14
Q

solute vs solvent

A

Solute is substance that is being dissolved (salts, proteins, sugars)
solvent - is the thing that is disolved in (water, liquid)

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15
Q

what is simple diffusion? what cells can pass through

A

No energy needed
passes through easily no help
molecules:
- gas exchange
- steroids
- not fats
- hydrophobic drug movements
-

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16
Q

what is osmosis?

A

the movement of water from a low solute concentration to high solute concentration
- osmosis tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the 2 sides

17
Q

what is isotonic?

A

the equal distribution of solutes and solvents

18
Q

what is hypertonic?

A

more solute outside of cell so water moves to it leaving the cell to shrink

19
Q

what is hypotonic?

A

Fewer solutes in solvents than in cells
- causes cell to swell

20
Q

what was the case study for hyponatremia?

A
  1. A marathon runner drank excess water causing solute concentration to be less
    - cells swelled and died
  2. Hold your Wee for a Wii
    - drank too much water and wasn’t peeing out
    - cells swelled and she died 6 hours well
21
Q

what was the case study for hypernatremia?

A

(dehydration)
- loss of water not Na+
- low ADH (antiduredic hormone)

22
Q

Does every cell have a Aquaporin?

A

( Water channel )
- only certain cells that need that water faster then using diffusion

23
Q

what is facilitated diffusion? how does it work

A

High concentration to low concentration
- uses transmembrane proteins
1. ion channels
2. carrier proteins - binds to the ion to pull it in

24
Q

what molecules can pass during facilitated diffusion?

A

Large and small molecules
No energy used (passive)

  • glucose
  • fructose
  • amino acids
  • ions
25
Q

what is active transport how does it work?

A

low concentration to high concentration
(uses energy to move)
- carrier protein needed

26
Q

What molecules can pass through active transport?

A

Large and charged
- glucose
- urea
ect

27
Q

what are the 2 forms of active transport? and explain them?

A

Primary - uses ATP directly
secondary - uses the leftover ATP to pull molecules

28
Q

what are examples of primary active transport?

A
  1. Na+/ K+
    plasma membrane 3 Na out and 2 K in
  2. Ca 2+ plasma membrane (out) and smooth er (in)
  3. H+/K+ pump (plasma membrane
  4. V-ATPase (H+pump, lysosomes, plasma membrane)
29
Q

what are the 2 types of secondary active transport?

A

Symport: 2 substances move in the same direction (Na+: glucose)
Antiport: 2 substances move in opposite directions (Na+:H+, Na+: Ca2+)

30
Q

What happens to the diffusion if you increase the diffusion coefficient?

A

direct relationship
increases

31
Q

What happens to the diffusion coefficient if you increase the temperature?

A

direct relationship
- increase the diffusion

32
Q

What happens to the diffusion coefficient if you increase the viscosity?

A

indirect relationship
- it will decrease the diffusion

Physiology (9 decks)

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